Advancement of nanomedicines in chronic inflammatory disorders

Abstract

Chronic diseases, as stated by the WHO, are a threat to human health which kill 3 out of every 5 people worldwide. Therapeutics for such illnesses can be developed using traditional medicine. However, it is not an easy path from natural products to Western pharmacological and pharmaceutical methods. For several decades, chronic inflammatory disorders, especially in Westernized countries, have increased incidence and prevalence. Several NSAIDs are used to decrease inflammation and pain; however, there are numerous negative consequences of these anti-inflammatory medications, whereas plant-based natural products have anti-inflammatory therapeutic benefits that have little or no adverse effects. Nanoparticles are a new type of drug delivery device that may be designed to provide excellent target selectivity for certain cells and tissues while also having a high drug loading capacity, resulting in better pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PKPD), and therapeutic bioavailability. The size and polarity of phytochemical compounds make it hard to pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood-vessel endothelial lining, gastrointestinal tract and mucosa. In addition, the gastrointestinal system is enzymatically destroyed. Therefore, nanoparticles or nanocrystals might also be used for encapsulation or conjugation of these chemicals as a method to improve their organic effectiveness through their gastrointestinal stability, absorption rate and dispersion. The therapy of numerous inflammatory illnesses, including arthritis, gastritis, Nephritis, Hepatitis (Type A, B &C), ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, allergic responses (asthma, eczema) or autoimmune disorders, is characterised by nanoparticles. This review paper provides information on the numerous nanosystem described with their probable mechanism to treat chronic inflammatory diseases.

Modulatory effects of point‐mutated IL‐32θ (A94V) on tumor progression in triple‐negative breast cancer cells

“…However, several diseases are induced by chronic inflammation. 27 It was revealed that various inflammatory factors progress tumorigenesis. 7,9 IL-1β is the primary cytokine of the IL-1 family, which initiates tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration in breast cancer.…”

“…Inflammation is an immune system response against harmful stimuli, including bacterial and viral infection. However, several diseases are induced by chronic inflammation 27 . It was revealed that various inflammatory factors progress tumorigenesis 7,9 .…”

Nanoparticles in ocular applications and their potential toxicity

“…The prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases has gradually increased in recent decades. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were widely used but exhibited various side effects (Jogpal, Sanduja et al, 2022). Metal and metal oxide NPs, such as gold NPs, silver NPs, and titanium dioxide NPs, exert anti-inflammatory effects (Agarwal, Nakara et al, 2019).…”

Benefits of liposomal nonsteroid-anti-inflammatory drugs

“…Furthermore, liposomes are biocompatible, have the capacity to self-assemble, are able to carry large drug loads, can be functionalized enabling targeted drug delivery, and could be modified in a wide range of physicochemical and biophysical properties controlling their biological characteristics. The advantages of using liposomal NSAIDs are better penetration into the tissue and thus greater efficiency and longer duration of action, the lower dose required to achieve greater therapeutic effects (reduction of pain, swelling, and redness), and the possibility of combining two or more drugs [18,20,21]. Recent studies show that dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/ Cholesterol spin-labeled liposomes containing NSAIDs penetrate deeply into the skin remaining stable for several hours, making them promising chronic inflammation therapeutics carriers [22].…”