Advancement of bryophytes from traditional uses to pharmaceutical applications: A review

Abstract

Bryophytes, which include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, have a long history of traditional medicinal use and are now gaining attention for their biotechnological applications. The evolution of bryophytes and their transition from traditional medicine to biotechnological applications can be explored through various studies. With more than 25,000 species, they constitute a significant part of the terrestrial flora. Bryophytes produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, phenols, glycosides, fatty acids, and amino acids. Bryophytes exhibit cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities, making them promising resources for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry applications. The traditional uses of bryophytes in medicine are reported in various cultures, including traditional Chinese, Indian, and Native American medicine. Recent advancements in technology and research methodologies have revealed the intricate chemical composition and pharmacological potential of bryophytes, leading to the identification of bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic properties. However details about the potential of bryophytes are currently scattered and not thoroughly documented. The present review focuses on gathering and organizing information about bryophytes and highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects in harnessing their therapeutic potential for the benefit of global healthcare.