Advancement in technologies for the depolymerization of lignin

Agarwal, Ashutosh; Rana, Masud; Park, Jeong‐Hun

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.09.017

Cited by 181 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 276 publications

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“…If sustainable valorizationr outes can be identified, there is tremendousp otential in the abundant lignin produced from both the pulp and paper industry and bioethanol refineries. For example,t he US cellulosic ethanol industry is expected to generate close to 60 milliont ons of lignin per year, [31] which is 60 % more than what is needed for process heat from energy use via combustion. [32,33] Lignin is the highest energy-and carboncontent polymeri nb iomass (22.2-28.5 MJ kg À1 ,4 0% of the biomass energy) owing to higher energy per mass than cellulose (17.5 MJ kg À1 )d ue to its higher C/O ratio (2:1).…”

Section: Displacingp Etroleum With Lignin:p Otential and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

et al. 2020

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Lignin valorization is essential for biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals for a sustainable future. Today's biorefineries pursue profitable value propositions for cellulose and hemicellulose; however, lignin is typically used mainly for its thermal energy value. To enhance the profit potential for biorefineries, lignin valorization would be a necessary practice. Lignin valorization is greatly advantaged when biomass carbon is retained in the fuel and chemical products and when energy quality is enhanced by electrochemical upgrading. Though lignin upgrading and valorization are very desirable in principle, many barriers involved in lignin pretreatment, extraction, and depolymerization must be overcome to unlock its full potential. This Review addresses the electrochemical transformation of various lignins with the aim of gaining a better understanding of many of the barriers that currently exist in such technologies. These studies give insight into electrochemical lignin depolymerization and upgrading to value‐added commodities with the end goal of achieving a global low‐carbon circular economy.

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Section: Displacingp Etroleum With Lignin:p Otential and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

et al. 2020

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“…[ 4,15 ] We have previously explored use of vanillin‐derivatives in polymer electrolytes; [ 9,10 ] while that analysis is not explored in this work, the thermomechanical and electrochemical properties of a potentially lignin‐derived, vanillin‐based polymer is used to provide context. The derivation of single phenolics, like vanillin, from lignin requires many steps of purification and processing, such as complex oxidation procedures, [ 16 ] base‐catalyzed reactions, [ 17,18 ] acid‐catalyzed reactions, [ 19,20 ] pyrolysis, [ 21,22 ] or other procedures, [ 23 ] making high yield, cost‐effective lignin depolymerization a challenge. [ 23 ] Utilization of less processed forms of lignin fractions that have lower molecular weights than the complex lignin macromolecule, but higher molecular weights than the single phenolics is seen as more industrially and economically viable.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Low Molecular Weight Lignin in Developing Thiol‐Ene Polymer Electrolytes with Balanced Thermomechanical and Conductive Properties

Baroncini

Rousseau

Strekis

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Polymer electrolytes with high aromatic content are prepared through thiol‐ene polymerization with functionalized, low molecular weight fractions of softwood pine Kraft lignin, and wheat straw/Sarkanda grass soda lignin. Differing solubility, functionality, and aromatic content of the lignin fractions vary the glass transition temperatures of the resulting polymers and the suitability for electrolyte applications. The softwood pine Kraft lignin is used as a precursor for a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with room temperature conductivity of 72 × 10–7 S cm–1, while the wheat straw/Sarkanda grass soda lignin is utilized in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with room temperature conductivity values in the range of 5 × 10–5– 7 × 10–5 S cm–1. The lignin‐based GPE displays similar conductivity but improved thermal stability to a comparable, recently reported GPE containing an allylated, monophenolic, lignin‐derived, vanillin‐derived monomer. The lignin‐based SPEs exhibit excellent cationic transport with ion transference values up to 0.90. The promising conductivity and ion transference results reveal the potential for use of functionalized, low molecular weight wheat straw/Sarkanda grass soda lignin in SPE applications as a way to improve thermal stability, electrochemical performance, and incorporate an abundant, sustainable resource in a high performance application.

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“…This result is related to the severity of the reaction. In general, the β-aryl ether linkage is known to occupy 50% of the lignin structure [18]. With increasing reaction severity, phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups generate more aromatic monomers through cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage [19].…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Organosolv-fractionated Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Organosolv Fractionation Performance for Rice Husk through a Low Acid-Catalyzation

Kim

Ryu²,

2019

Energies

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For the effective utilization of rice husk, organosolv fractionation was investigated to separate three main components (glucan, xylose, and lignin) with low acid concentration. Reaction temperatures of 170–190 °C, ethanol concentrations of 50%–70% (v/v), and sulfuric acid concentrations of 0%–0.7% (w/v) were investigated, with the reaction time and liquid-to-solid ratio kept constant at 60 min and 10, respectively. The fractionation conditions for the efficient separation into the three components of rice husk were determined to be 180 °C, 60% (v/v) of ethanol, and 0.25% (w/v) of sulfuric acid. Under these fractionation conditions, 86.8% of the xylan and 77.5% of the lignin were removed from the rice husk, and xylose and lignin were obtained from the liquid in 67.6% and 49.8% yields, respectively. The glucan digestibility of the fractionated rice husk was 85.2% with an enzyme loading of 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of cellulase per g-glucan.

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Advancement in technologies for the depolymerization of lignin

Cited by 181 publications

References 276 publications

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Viability of Low Molecular Weight Lignin in Developing Thiol‐Ene Polymer Electrolytes with Balanced Thermomechanical and Conductive Properties

Improvement of Organosolv Fractionation Performance for Rice Husk through a Low Acid-Catalyzation

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