Advancement in materials for energy-saving lighting devices

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive account of energy efficient lighting devices, their working principles and the advancement of these materials as an underpinning to the development of technology. Particular attention has been given to solid state lighting devices and their applications since they have attracted the most interest and are the most promising. Solid state lighting devices including white light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs) and carbon-dot LEDs (CLEDs) are promising energy efficient lighting sources for displays and general lighting. However there is no universal solution that will give better performance and efficiency for all types of applications. LEDs are replacing traditional lamps for both general lighting and display applications, whereas OLEDs are finding their own special applications in various areas. QLEDs and CLEDs have advantages such as high quantum yields, narrow emission spectra, tunable emission spectra and good stability over OLEDs, so applications for these devices are being extended to new types of lighting sources. There is a great deal of research on these materials and their processing technologies and the commercial viability of these technologies appears strong.

The future for plasma science and technology

“…Plasma light sources are responsible for an overall considerable increase in energy efficiency and reduction of overall energy consumption for lighting in the last 20 years. The fast growing replacement of all other types of light sources by LEDs will further enhance these trends …”

White light tunable emissions from ZnS: Eu3+nanophosphors over 330–465 nm excitation range for white LED applications

“…The high efficacy of WLEDs when fully harnessed is capable of dramatically reducing global electricity consumption by nearly 50% (IP UtiliNET 2011). No doubts, WLEDs have attracted great interest in different domains of research and applications (Li et al 2006, Gosnell et al 2006, Kim et al 2012. Apart from considerable energy savings WLEDs are going to be very crucial for a future green environment and for cost effective energy efficient lighting systems in developing countries.…”

Printable Displays and Light Sources for Sensor Applications: A Review

“…Further development of a vast library of electroluminescent materials, [12]- [26] development of appropriate cathode and anode materials, and [27]- [31] transport layers, [6], [32]- [37] have been instrumental in the development of phosphorescent OLEDs [38], [39] and understanding of exciton spin states. [40]- [44] The development of printing processes, [1], [45]- [50], understanding of degradation mechanisms, [33], [51] use of encapsulation, [52], ultra-bright OLEDs for lighting sources, [25] use of flexible substrates, [53] advanced light extraction techniques, [54]- [58], development of white OLEDs, [59]- [61] etc. have laid the foundation of development of potential commercialization.…”