Advancement in Carbon Nanoparticle Synthesis and Their Application: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The global population gradually increase at an alarming state, which would increase demand for food globally. This increasing use of pesticides and fertilizers. In order to meet this demand, an overview of the numerous applications of nanotechnology for agriculture. Various nanomaterials like nanofertilizers and pesticides enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. However, excessive chemical fertilizer use as per FAO, 2017. Among these, the nanotechnology has wide range of applications in healthcare and medicines, diagnosis etc. Recently, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) play a significant role in various fields. Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) represent innovative nanostructures. These can be synthesized by different methods, green synthesis as well as chemical synthesis such as arch discharge method, laser ablation method, chemical vapour deposition method etc. The advancement of CNPs entails the exploration of diverse synthetic techniques and exploration of various application due to their chemical and physical properties in healthcare, agriculture (for delivery of agrochemicals) etc. These are also used in plant growth enhancement and resistance to stresses. However, challenges related to precisely defining CNP structures and ensuring property uniformity remain inadequately addressed and lack detailed study. In this review article we emphasize methodologies for the synthesis of CNPs by various chemical methods and also include their applications in therapeutics, pharmaceuticles, sensing and agriculture.