Advanced X-ray Diffraction Techniques for Quantitative Phase Content and Lattice Defect Characterization during Heat Treatment of High Speed Steels

Wießner, Manfred; Angerer, P.; Prevedel, Petri; Skalnik, K.; Marsoner, S.; Ebner, R.

doi:10.1007/s00501-014-0292-7

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well known that the supersaturated solid solution of carbon in martensite causes lattice distortion and a much higher dislocation density, which broadens the peak in X-ray diffractograms. [31][32][33][34] Martensite can be interpreted as ferrite with slight tetragonal distortion in crystallography, 34) and the tetragonality, c/a, has a linear relationship with the carbon content ([C] in wt.%) as follows: 34) where c and a are the lattice constants of martensite. When the carbon content increases to a certain extent, the crystal structure of martensite is changed from the body-centered cubic (BCC) to body-centered tetragonal (BCT).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spheroidizing Annealing in Combination with Alternating Magnetic Field on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Chen

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microstructures and mechanical properties after spheroidizing annealing (SA) of GCr15 bearing steel with and without an alternating magnetic field (AMF) were investigated. It was found that the application of the AMF at the austenitizing stage promoted the dissolution of carbides, accelerated the austenitizing process and increased the hardness of the quenched sample. After isothermal annealing, the carbides in the sample with an AMF more uniformly distributed and became finer in comparison with those without an AMF. The average hardness of the sample treated in the AMF was lower than that without an AMF. The phenomena could be attributed to the enhanced diffusivity in the AMF.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spheroidizing Annealing in Combination with Alternating Magnetic Field on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Chen

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A complicating factor is that the observed reflex broadening in x-ray diffractograms of martensite can be interpreted in different ways [6,17,18]. It can be attributed to an increase in defect density or to a reduced grain size after transformation [19,20]. Another interpretation possibility are locally varying lattice parameters [6,18], e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetragonality mapping of martensite in a high‑carbon steel by EBSD

Nolze

Winkelmann

Cios

et al. 2021

Materials Characterization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[19][20][21][22][23] In most cases, this is explained by the finer distribution, the isotropic properties, and the more regular shape of the eutectic carbides due to the rapid solidification of the powder particles during powder manufacturing. The carbides are affected in their type, [8] size, [5,24] and distribution [25] by the process variables during primary manufacturing and different heat treatments. Mishnaevsky et al have shown that the fracture in tool steels typically starts in or along eutectic carbides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Carbide Morphology of PM High‐Speed Steel HS 6‐5‐3‐8

Disch

Benito

Röttger

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cutting tools are commonly made of high-speed steel to simultaneously fulfill the requirements regarding hardness, strength, and toughness. The microstructure of high-speed steel alloys in as-cast condition is characterized by a microstructure consisting of a metal matrix and eutectic carbides. [1][2][3][4] The further manufacturing route of these materials comprises hot forming to break down the carbide network [1,2] and subsequent heat treatment. The behavior of the carbides during austenitization was examined in several publications. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Metastable carbides with the stoichiometry M 2 C (M¼ metal atoms, C ¼ carbon), which are present after casting, are transformed to carbides of the types MC and M 6 C with the transformation path of [3,[10][11][12] Dependent on the austenitization temperature and time and thus on the amount of dissolved carbides, different contents of retained austenite remain after quenching. [9] During typical subsequent tempering at temperatures where a secondary hardening effect occurs, retained austenite decomposes, and the precipitation of finely dispersed tempering carbides occurs. [13][14][15] Besides the conventional production route with casting and hot forming, alternative manufacturing processes like spray forming [16][17][18] or powder metallurgy (PM) with hot isostatic pressing are available. Several studies found that powder metallurgic high-speed steel exhibit higher toughness and better cutting performance compared to cast material. [19][20][21][22][23] In most cases, this is explained by the finer distribution, the isotropic properties, and the more regular shape of the eutectic carbides due to the rapid solidification of the powder particles during powder manufacturing. The carbides are affected in their type, [8] size, [5,24] and distribution [25] by the process variables during primary manufacturing and different heat treatments. Mishnaevsky et al. have shown that the fracture in tool steels typically starts in or along eutectic carbides. [26] It is, therefore, to be assumed that the morphology of the eutectic carbides must have an influence on the mechanical properties of high-speed steels.High-speed steel alloys typically exhibit a transformation gap in the isothermal time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram. The scientific consensus is that no transformation of the metastable austenite takes place in the temperature regime of the transformation gap. [27] Kešner et al. found that the size of carbides is affected by hardening in a salt bath under isothermal conditions at temperatures between 300 and 650 °C, which is in the temperature regime of the transformation gap of high-speed steels. [28] However, previous works have paid no attention to the effect of different heat treatment parameters on the shape of eutectic carbides. Our preliminary work shows that isothermal

show abstract

Advanced X-ray Diffraction Techniques for Quantitative Phase Content and Lattice Defect Characterization during Heat Treatment of High Speed Steels

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Spheroidizing Annealing in Combination with Alternating Magnetic Field on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Effect of Spheroidizing Annealing in Combination with Alternating Magnetic Field on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tetragonality mapping of martensite in a high‑carbon steel by EBSD

Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Carbide Morphology of PM High‐Speed Steel HS 6‐5‐3‐8

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About