This study analyzes the ease of maintenance, power reduction, the performance of organic matter and nitrogen removal, and the stability of biological wastewater treatment with the multiple-reactor activated sludge process after introducing an automatic oxygen supply device (AOSD) system. The study also investigates the superiority of a luminescent dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor in automatic control over the polarographic DO sensor used in the multiple-reactor activated sludge process, compared to an anaerobic-oxic activated sludge process. When the luminescent DO sensor was used, the biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies in the AOSD-controlled process reached 96±1%, 80±2%, and 97±1%, respectively, and the activation of microorganisms along with the consolidation of sludge occurred via the promotion of microorganism agglomeration. With the anaerobic-oxic activated sludge process, they reached 94±2%, 70±9%, and 97±1%, respectively, confirming the instability of the performance. Compared to the anaerobic-oxic activated sludge process, the AOSDcontrolled process with the luminescent DO sensor reduced the energy consumption by 56%. Therefore, the AOSD-controlled process with the luminescent DO sensor is feasible for wastewater treatment in terms of high water-quality performance and energy savings.