Advanced Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Organic Chemical Sunscreens from Wastewater: a Review

Identification of Transformation Products of Organic UV Filters by Photooxidation and Their Differential Estrogenicity Assessment

“…The observed rate constants ( k obs ) of BP3 and EHMC were 0.44 × 10 –3 and 2.46 × 10 –3 s under first-order kinetics, respectively (Table S5 and Figure S5). The discrepancies in the observed half-life for BP3 between the present study (1569 s) and others’ (793 s, Gong et al; 287 s, Lee et al) could be attributed to the relatively small H 2 O 2 /BP3 molar ratio used (0.2, the present study; 1000, Gong et al; 12.5, Lee et al). , Limited studies have investigated the behavior of EHMC during the UV/H 2 O 2 process, while a few have addressed its half-lives under various light conditions, ranging from 1.66 min to 1.8 h. − This indicates that the phototransformation of pollutants may be affected by the UV wavelength, the dosage of UV and oxidant, and the reactivity of UV and radical species with the target pollutant. , …”

“…24,34 Limited studies have investigated the behavior of EHMC during the UV/H 2 O 2 process, while a few have addressed its half-lives under various light conditions, ranging from 1.66 min to 1.8 h. 35−37 This indicates that the phototransformation of pollutants may be affected by the UV wavelength, the dosage of UV and oxidant, and the reactivity of UV and radical species with the target pollutant. 38,39 The slow disappearance of BP3 compared with EHMC supports the notation that BP3 is highly resistant to photodegradation in the aquatic environment. 39 Allen et al found no measurable photolysis of BP3 after 96 h irradiation by a 1000-W xenon lamp in the absence of oxidant.…”

“…38,39 The slow disappearance of BP3 compared with EHMC supports the notation that BP3 is highly resistant to photodegradation in the aquatic environment. 39 Allen et al found no measurable photolysis of BP3 after 96 h irradiation by a 1000-W xenon lamp in the absence of oxidant. 40 Our finding is also consistent with the observation that BP3 exhibited the lowest removal efficiency (28−31%) among four sunscreen chemicals in a wastewater reclamation plant.…”

“…The slow disappearance of BP3 compared with EHMC supports the notation that BP3 is highly resistant to photodegradation in the aquatic environment . Allen et al found no measurable photolysis of BP3 after 96 h irradiation by a 1000-W xenon lamp in the absence of oxidant .…”

Hydrophobic Carbon Dots Derived from Organic Pollutants and Applications in NIR Anticounterfeiting and Bioimaging

“…The increasingly heavy usage of organic dyes (e.g., Rhodamine B, Methylene blue, Congo red) for textile, printing, and other industries has gradually triggered serious water pollution problems. − The massive emissions of these organic wastes not only symbolize a huge threat for aquatic life − but also cause great damage to human health by affecting the drinking water system . However, performances for the removal of these organic pollutants often require high energy input and expensive professional equipment.…”