Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter (BAF) with natural media: modification in media, design and backwashing process

Abstract

Biological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study, for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media, with a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section used at the end of the reactor. This can be considered an innovation in the media and filtration. Aeration in the related reactor with 160 cm height was performed bilaterally as up-flow and continuously by nozzles throughout the reactor media. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. According to the results obtained in this study, the removal efficiencies of inorganic and microbial contaminants, amoxicillin and azithromycin were obtained as follows: BOD5: 98.48%, COD: 92.42%, $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - : 99.4%, P: 93.3%, Coliforms: 97%, Color: 42.8%, Turbidity: 95%, Sulphate: 30%, TSS: 98.9%, Amoxicillin: 20% and azithromycin: 13%. In the backwashing process, the amount of water consumed in these three TB, BB, and TBBS methods were obtained 300, 164, and 118 L, respectively, So, TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the BAF process with natural date kernel has a high efficiency in removing organic and inorganic contaminants from hospital wastewater, also the concentration of most of the effluent parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard.

Sử dụng tấm Jmat làm giá thể vi sinh trong hệ thống lọc sinh học ngập nước hiếu khí xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt

“…Lựa chọn giá thể cho VSV trong hệ thống lọc sinh học hiếu khí ngập nước cũng là một thách thức và thường dựa vào 3 yếu tố chính gồm hiệu quả chi phí, sự ổn định màng sinh học, hiệu suất xử lý hệ thống (Al-Amshawee et al, 2020). Một số giá thể được nghiên cứu gồm than sinh học (Xin et al, 2021), hạt chà là (Malakootian et al, 2021), ống luồng dây điện (Việt và ctv., 2015), ống hút (Lavane và ctv., 2021), và một số vật liệu khác (Abou-Elela et al, 2015). Hiệu suất xử lý cũng được so sánh giữa các loại giá thể khác nhau (Faskol & Racoviteanu, 2021).…”

Kajian Penyisihan Amonia dalam Pengolahan Air Minum Konvensional

“…Media BAF menyediakan tempat biomassa tumbuh sebanyak mungkin, tahan erosi, tahan lama, mudah dipasang dan tidak menyumbat reaktor [33]. Media banyak digunakan dalam BAF adalah pasir, tanah liat, polistirena, polietilena dan plastik [34].…”

“…Desinfeksi adalah upaya pengurangan mikroorganisme ke tingkat lebih aman dengan desinfektan yang melakukan pengendalian, pencegahan, dan penghancuran patogen [69]. Proses ini dipengaruhi beberapa parameter, seperti suhu, pH, jenis bakteri, desinfektan yang digunakan, dosis desinfektan, waktu kontak dan kandungan senyawa organik & inorganik dalam air [34]. Desinfektan paling banyak digunakan adalah klorin, didukung biaya relatif rendah, dapat menyisihkan banyak patogen secara efektif, kemudahan pengaturan dosis dan membentuk residu pada air untuk mencegah rekontaminasi patogen [70].…”

Removal of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Extended Aeration Activated Sludge: Optimizing by Artificial Neural Network

“…In in this regard, due to their affordability, great e cacy, and environmental friendliness, biological processes have recently attracted a lot of interest in the treatment of such wastewater. Furthermore, both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were applicable to effective biodegradation of these pollutants [17][18][19].…”