Advanced technology to co-fire large shares of agricultural residues with biomass in utility CFBs

Zabetta, Edgardo Coda; Barišić, Vesna; Peltola, Kari; Sarkki, Juha; Jäntti, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.05.006

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These problems can result in defluidization and in unwanted plant shutdowns, with reduced plant availability as a consequence. Research is currently being performed to explain and solve these problems (Billen et al 2013a, Billen et al 2013b, Zabetta et al 2013, Silvennoinen and Hedman 2013.…”

Section: Poultry Manure Combustion Installationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Billen

Costa

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

103

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The oversupply of organic fertilizers causes an urgent need for alternative treatments of manure. CO2 neutral electricity is produced from poultry manure, a renewable fuel which is relatively dry and has a heating value of 6-8 MJ/kg. The electricity production from manure saves emissions from fossil fuel combustion, resulting in a reduced environmental impact in the impact category climate change. Moreover, as manure contains a large amount of ammoniacal N, and due to nitrification and denitrification processes, land spreading of poultry manure causes larger emissions of NH3, N2O and NOx than combustion. Electricity production from manure therefore outperforms land spreading in the impact categories terrestrial acidification, particulate matter formation, marine eutrophication and photochemical oxidant formation. The fluidized bed combustor of BMC in the Netherlands generates zero waste, as the ash is recovered as a PK fertilizer, which is odorless, dry, sterile and has a lower mass and volume than the manure, making it more suitable for export to regions with a high P demand. The ash causes however technological problems, such as agglomeration and deposition.

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Section: Poultry Manure Combustion Installationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Billen

Costa

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

103

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“…Many of the challenges are connected to the minor ash constituents. Potassium, sodium, and chlorine in biomass and waste fuels can lead to the formation of low melting ash, which can cause corrosion. − In combustion, these elements are released from the fuel and converted into various alkali metal compounds, such as potassium and sodium carbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. − The presence of KCl in deposits lowers the first melting temperature of the ash and may form a sticky ash, which leads to increased deposit formation . This may lead to excessive corrosion and fouling of boiler components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of High Al₂O₃ Refractories with Alkaline Salts Containing Potassium and Sodium in Biomass and Waste Combustion

Vainio

Hupa

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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Utilization of challenging fuels, such as biomass residues and waste-derived fuels, may lead to problems with refractory corrosion. Alkalis and chlorine in such fuels can lead to the formation of low melting deposits and slags on the refractory lining of boilers during combustion. This may cause excessive wear, possibly limiting the service lifetime of the refractories. In this work, the attack of alkali salts to high alumina refractories was studied. The refractory was exposed to four pure salts (K2CO3, K2SO4, Na2CO3, and Na2SO4) and one synthetic ash (K2CO3–KCl). The refractory was exposed to the salts at 700, 800, and 900 °C for 168 h. The penetration of potassium into the refractory was determined from horizontal line scan analyses of the sample cross section using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Detailed information on alkali infiltration was obtained by using the Xphase spectral imaging software. Additionally, X-ray diffraction analyses were made on cross sections of the refractory before and after exposure to detect new compounds. Even at the lowest temperature, K2CO3 formed low melting compounds with the refractory, resulting in accelerated deterioration. The main new phases formed were kalsilite, kaliophilite, and leucite. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the initiating step in the corrosion could be the reaction between free silica in the refractory and potassium, even at 700 °C. Similar refractory deterioration was caused by the KCl–K2CO3 mixture. Exposure to Na2CO3 led to the formation of nepheline and sodium aluminum silicate. Sodium and potassium sulfate did not show any major corrosive effects; however, at 900 °C Na2SO4 melt penetrated deep into the refractory.

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“…There are two ways to utilize this biomass resource. It can be co-combusted in a large boiler plant using coal as the main fuel [3][4][5][6]. The other option is to burn the fuel in smaller plants producing electric energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluidised bed combustion technology is advantageous for various fuels [3][4][5][6][7][8] since it is not always necessary to process the waste to more refined fuels but it can usually be burned directly. However, processing the fuel for example by pelletizing before combustion could be beneficial [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release Profile of Volatiles in Fluidised Bed Combustion of Biomass

Saastamoinen¹

2014

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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A simplified model for the release profile of volatiles in fluidised and circulating fluidised beds is presented. The location of the release of volatiles in the furnace depends on the interplay of flow of fuel particles affecting their location and heating of fuel particles affecting rates of drying and pyrolysis and consequently the mass of fuel particles. The coupled equations describing heating, de-volatilization including drying, elutriation and movement of particles are solved to find the release profile. Large heavy particles remain in the dense bed whereas light particles are entrained by the gas and elutriated from the bed to the riser. The situation is dynamic, since fuel particles lose weight due to release of moisture and volatiles and decrease in size due to shrinkage affecting their movement and escape from the lower dense bed to the riser. The model is based on the following the fate of a small batch of fuel particles undergoing de-volatilization and elutriation from the dense bed. The model predicts the location of the release of volatiles and the profile of the release of volatiles in the riser. Part of volatiles is released in the dense bed and the rest above the bed in the riser.

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Advanced technology to co-fire large shares of agricultural residues with biomass in utility CFBs

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Interaction of High Al₂O₃ Refractories with Alkaline Salts Containing Potassium and Sodium in Biomass and Waste Combustion

Release Profile of Volatiles in Fluidised Bed Combustion of Biomass

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Advanced technology to co-fire large shares of agricultural residues with biomass in utility CFBs

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Electricity from poultry manure: a cleaner alternative to direct land application

Interaction of High Al2O3 Refractories with Alkaline Salts Containing Potassium and Sodium in Biomass and Waste Combustion

Release Profile of Volatiles in Fluidised Bed Combustion of Biomass

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Interaction of High Al₂O₃ Refractories with Alkaline Salts Containing Potassium and Sodium in Biomass and Waste Combustion