Advanced selection materials in solar cell efficiency and their properties - A comprehensive review

Abstract

Solar cell layers technology has achieved global standing in the solar cell layers deposition process, and it covers the innovative methods and techniques in significant applications. Recent solar cell layers technology has an advanced interest in a refined approach to enhance performance and highlights the importance of recent proficient procedures for manufacturing. For example, the application is used to search for novel materials for solar cells' layers to clarify the current energy crisis. The technological process and various types of solar cells depend on climate change. Among them, layers of solar cells and silicon wafer solar cells are very encouraging. Solar cell layers technology has led to solar cells being a more reasonable active option in design and production. The productivities facilitated by new solar cells still need to be enhanced for the various processes involved in the additional enhancement from Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) microfilms to solar cell crystal structure dye-sensitized solar cells. The hydrophobic coating works as an anti-dust coating, enhancing efficiency and decreasing the cost of cleaning solar cells. In Saudi Arabia Majmaah City, most solar projects are in dry regions, where the dusty weather reduces solar cell efficiency. Therefore, combining these two properties and applying an anti-reflective and superhydrophobic coating will increase solar cell efficiency by 20%. Solar cells' crystal structure results are substituted with layers or new materials to balance environmental impact and toxic nature.

Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Films Containing Silver-Based Silica Materials Deposited on Glass Substrates

“…Several methods have been used to prepare silver-based silica, such as multi-target sputtering [7], the ion exchange process [8], electrospinning [9], and the sol-gel process [10]. Hybrid silica composite layers on different substrates, in order to achieve coatings with different thicknesses or densities, have been realized through techniques such as deepcoating, spin-coating, plasma spraying, the vapor phase technique, vacuum deposition, and pulsed laser deposition [11,12]. These techniques have some drawbacks, such as high evaporation temperature, high process cost, potential poor bonding of the coating, and the requirement of external energy.…”

Recent progress of transparent conductive electrodes in the construction of efficient flexible organic solar cells

“…and plastic. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Although metal foils have good mechanical ductility, electrical conductivity, and high temperature resistance, the active layer of solar cells can be prepared at high temperature in the future. However, due to the opacity of the metal foil, the light absorption loss is very serious, which puts forward more stringent conditions for manufacturing process.…”

Effect of Modified Silica Materials on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Substrates to Obtain Transparent and Hydrophobic Hybrid Coatings

“…Different techniques, such as deposition, self-assembly, lithography, and etching, have been used to prepare silica materials for hydrophobic/hydrophilic or superhydrophobic surfaces. Spin-coating, spray-coating, dip-coating, chemical vapor deposition, chemical bath deposition, atmospheric plasma, atomic layer deposition, and the sol-gel process were used as deposition methods in the literature [5]. The preparatory steps toward the realization of transparent and self-cleaning surfaces have been investigated.…”