Advanced seedless donors among grape varieties of the Anapa zonal experimental station for grape growing and wine making (AZESGGAWM) selection

Abstract

The share of seedless grape varieties in the total grape production in the country is very small. Of the 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 are seedless grape varieties (Kishmish Luchistiy, Korinka Russkaya, Yuzhnoberezhniy, Yaltinskiy Bessemyanniy). These varieties are very much in demand, as their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article shows the results of multi-year research on the identification of seedless genetic donors among grape varieties of the selection of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station for Grape Growing and Wine Making, such as Lotos, Zhemchug Anapy and Kishmish Rozovy AZOS. In the frame of this study, agronomic characters and annually changing weather conditions were studied side by side. In addition, an assessment of these varieties was carried out in terms of the intensity of the seedless character in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman grape growing zone. The largest mass of rudiments in all the analyzed samples was found in the Kishmish Rozovy AZOS variety; therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedless grape, although the ratio of the rudiment mass to the berry mass is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Kishmish Luchistiy) have a higher seedless class. In particular, this concerns the varieties – Zhemchug Anapy and Lotos belonging to the first and second seedless class, respectively. At the same time, yield of these varieties and their productivity (fruit-bearing and fruitfulness coefficients) together with plant development phenology depending on weather conditions were studied for several years. In particular, it was found that annually high productivity indicators are observed in all the studied varieties, as well as high yields are observed every year in the varieties Lotos and Zhemchug Anapy. This article presents the results of these studies from 2017 to 2019. The work performed showed the prospect of using productive, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors with a high seedless category of grape varieties of the AZESGGaWM selection as future seedless donors.