“…Forests are highly complex biotic communities that encompass many of the life forms on Earth and provide a variety of products and services in terms of economic, ecologic, and socio-cultural (Başkent, Terzioğlu & Başkaya, 2008;Forest Europe, 2020). Global forest resources are also an essential element for the conservation of biological diversity, conservation of water and soil resources, recreation, ecotourism, carbon sequestration (Karahalil et al, 2018) as well as meeting the needs of the society for wood and non-wood forest products (Başkent & Yolasığmaz, 2000;Kuvan et al, 2011;Miura et al, 2015;Gamfeldt et al, 2013;Keleş et al, 2017;Bozali, 2020;Bilici & Akay, 2021;Khaiter & Erechtchoukova, 2022). In the period up to the 20th century, the term "value" was not used much for products and services offered by forests.…”