Advanced refractory metals and composites for extraterrestrial power systems

Titran, R. H.; Grobstein, Toni

doi:10.1007/bf03221044

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Even in the non-irradiated state, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of W is rather high, i.e., 300-400 °C, depending on the fabrication route, post treatment and test type (see e.g. [6][7][8]), but it can be reduced given a dedicated mechanical treatment (see e.g. [9][10][11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor

Terentyev

Yin

Dubinko

et al. 2021

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor

Terentyev

Yin

Dubinko

et al. 2021

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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“…Tungsten fiber-reinforced Kanthal metal-matrix is a model system developed through a collaboration between NASA's Lewis Research Center and Tufts University, Massachusetts, to explore the performance in applications where high strength is desired at high temperatures (1300-1700 K) [19]. In particular, the use of continuous fibers offers superior high-temperature stability compared to discontinuous fiber composites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Fiber-scale Residual Stress Variation in a Metal-matrix Composite

Prime

Hill

2004

Journal of Composite Materials

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The crack compliance, or slitting, method was used to measure a localized depth profile of residual stresses in a metal-matrix composite. The composite consisted of a matrix of Kanthal, a Fe–Cr–Al refractory alloy, reinforced with continuous uniaxial tungsten fibers. The stress measurements involved successively deepening a narrow slit between the fibers in the matrix, and measuring the resulting deformations with a surface strain gage. The depth profile of the in-plane residual stress components was determined from the measured strains using an eigenstrain-based extension of the residual stress calculation scheme normally used for slitting measurements. To validate some of the eigenstrain assumptions, the measured residual stresses were compared with the predictions from a thermomechanical finite element model. The model used a mesh of the actual fiber arrangement in the composite specimen rather than the commonly used unit-cell model. Compared to other techniques for measuring residual stresses in composites, the slitting measurements provided spatial resolution to a small fraction of the fiber diameter, which is useful when validating a thermomechanical model. Coincidentally, this is the first reported slitting method measurements of shear residual stresses.

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“…PWC-11 was also developed in the 1960s as a higher strength alternative to Nb-1Zr (Ref. 25) but never entered commercial production; nonetheless, a large amount of research and development was performed on PWC-11 during the SP-100 program. 23 Because the fabricabilityand the cold-work characteristics of PWC-11 are very similar to those of the commonly available Nb-1Zr, it is a possible candidate for use as an AMTEC cell structural material.…”

Section: Refractory Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 PWC-11 (niobium-1% zirconium-0.5%carbon), developedin these programs, was selected as a structural material in the SP-100 nuclear reactor power system, which was cooled with liquid lithium. 25 Other reactor coolants considered in these programs include liquid sodium, potassium, and Na-K alloy. Na-K and potassium were also considered as working uids in ground tests of alkali metal Rankine cycles for potentialuse in space nuclear reactor power applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Refractory Materials for Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion Cells

King

El‐Genk

2001

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Refractory alloys are being considered as structural materials in multitube, vapor-anode alkali metal thermalto-electric conversion (AMTEC) cells for future use in radioisotope space electric power systems. In these power systems, the AMTEC cells would operate at a heat source temperature of » 1150 K and a radiator temperature of » 550 K, for a 7-15 year mission lifetime. In addition to high strength, low density, and low brittle-to-ductile transition temperature, suitable materials must be compatible with the sodium working uid and have low thermal expansion and low vapor pressure (<133 nPa). Refractory metals and alloys are reviewed for their potential use as structural materials in vapor-anode AMTEC cells. Results indicate that Nb-1Zr (niobium-1% zirconium) is a suitable choice, particularly for the hot-end structures of the cell (>900 K). C-103 (niobium-10% hafnium-1% titanium-0.5% zirconium) is also suitable, particularly for the cell's colder structure because of its higher strength and lower thermal conductivity.However, the compatibilityof these niobium alloys with sodium at typical operating temperatures and in the presence of minute amounts of oxygen ( >5-10 ppm) for up to 15 years needs further evaluation. Despite the limited availability of rhenium, Mo-Re alloys, with a rhenium content of 14-45%, are also good choices as structural materials in vapor anode AMTEC cells. However, their relatively higher density and thermal conductivity could lower the cell's performance and increase its speci c mass.

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Advanced refractory metals and composites for extraterrestrial power systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor

Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor

Measurement of Fiber-scale Residual Stress Variation in a Metal-matrix Composite

Review of Refractory Materials for Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion Cells

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