“… 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 The efficacy of immunotherapy may differ in different types of cancer, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches guided by robust clinical evidence. 22 To overcome tumor heterogeneity and identify patients who could benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, several biomarkers, including PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, dMMR or MSI-H status, and other biomarkers, have been developed for stratifying GI cancers. 19 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 Our previous research emphasized the significant association between tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC.…”