Advanced pharmacist practice: where is the United Kingdom in pursuit of this ‘Brave New World’?

Forsyth, Paul; Rushworth, Gordon F.

doi:10.1007/s11096-021-01276-5

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If community pharmacists are to perform expanded roles, it will be vital that they have sufficient opportunities to practise the skills underpinning their enhanced practice and a supportive environment in which to do so. In a recent commentary on advanced practice, the authors argue that "exposure to experiential and inter-professional learning at all levels, including clinical situations… is the key to development of pharmacists as clinicians" [7]. Changes to the education and training of pharmacists, in particular a move to more cross-sector working and improved contractual frameworks, such as the new English Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework (CPCF), which focuses on community pharmacy becoming a more clinically focussed service, may help to facilitate this [23,24] All but one pharmacist in this study held an independent prescribing qualification and the majority were using their skills in their advanced practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced clinical practice enables these roles and involves, “ a high degree of autonomy and complex decision makings” [ 3 ]. Globally, there is considerable variation in the extent of advanced clinical practice in pharmacy, the existence of underpinning advanced practice frameworks and a lack of clarity as to what advanced practice is [ 4 – 7 ]. One feature of an advanced scope of practice is the ability to use a range of clinical skills [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“A little bit more looking…listening and feeling” A qualitative interview study exploring advanced clinical practice in primary care and community pharmacy

2021

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Background Growing demands on healthcare globally, combined with workforce shortages, have led to greater skill mix in healthcare settings. Pharmacists are increasingly moving into complex areas of practice, a move supported by policy and education/training changes. Aim To understand the nature of extended roles for pharmacists practising at an advanced level in primary care and community pharmacy settings, to explore how clinical and physical examination was incorporated into practice and to understand the impact of providing such examination on practice and on patient relationships. Method Telephone interviews (N = 15) were conducted with a purposive sample of pharmacists using clinical and physical examination in their practice in Great Britain. The sample included primary care pharmacists (N = 5), community pharmacists (N = 4), pharmacists working across settings (N = 5) and one working in another primary care setting. Participants were recruited through professional networks, social media and snowballing. Results Primary care pharmacists and community pharmacists were utilising clinical and physical examination skills in their practice. Some community pharmacists were operating locally-commissioned services for low acuity conditions. Incorporating such examinations into practice enabled pharmacists to look at the patient holistically and enhanced pharmacist/patient relationships. Barriers to practise included lack of timely sharing of patient data and perceived reluctance on the part of some pharmacists for advanced practice. Conclusion With growing opportunities to provide patient-focussed care, it remains to be seen whether pharmacists, both in Great Britain and elsewhere, are able to overcome some of the organisational, structural and cultural barriers to advanced practice that currently exist in community pharmacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“A little bit more looking…listening and feeling” A qualitative interview study exploring advanced clinical practice in primary care and community pharmacy

2021

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“…There is a need to adapt clinical pharmacist training -from undergraduate through advanced pharmacist programmes-to encompass more simulation and preceptored experiential learning in practice (i.e. utilising effective clinical supervision) to stretch the confidence, and ensure the competence, of the next generation of advanced pharmacists [19]. A recent survey by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) comprising 48 countries reported that frameworks supporting advanced practice are currently available, or are in development, in 28 countries worldwide [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of innovative simulation teaching for advanced general practice clinical pharmacists

et al. 2021

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Background. Advanced General Practice Clinical Pharmacists (GPCPs) are expected to manage patients by undertaking clinical assessment then make safe, competent autonomous decisions. Simulation provides a safe learning environment to develop clinical skills, but is rarely used for postgraduate pharmacist development. Aim. Design and deliver innovative simulation teaching to support Advanced GPCPs in Scotland. Setting. General Practice. Development. Experienced clinical pharmacy educators designed a simulation day with ten scenarios based on general practice clinical presentations. Learning objectives were mapped to the National Advanced GPCP competency framework. Implementation. Simulation took place at the National Skills Education Hub, Louisa Jordan National Hospital, Glasgow, November 2020. Participants were briefed prior to each immersive simulation. Mannequins were used if clinical signs were expected to be identified on examination. Verbal and written feedback was given after each simulation. Evaluation. Pre and post simulation questionnaires were developed. Increase in confidence and competence were reported in all areas pertaining to application of consultation and clinical skills. Qualitative comments from the participants regarding the training course were also favourable with respondents highlighting the value of the training, especially in terms of developing confidence via the real-time feedback. Conclusion. This innovative simulation evaluated as being of value to GPCPs in developing clinical confidence and competence when dealing with a variety of typical General Practice scenarios. Plans are underway to establish a Scottish Pharmacy Simulation Faculty which could support this training in each health board.

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“…This is supported by existing work, suggesting clinical roles for senior pharmacists are needed to develop a suitably skilled workforce. 18 Policymakers and senior leaders can use these findings to recognise the contribution pharmacists (at all levels of experience) make to clinical environments, as autonomous decision-makers, and review or rationalise office-based practices of senior pharmacists to create capacity in the clinical workforce that can be called upon, more routinely and also when required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and enablers to pharmacists' involvement in a novel immunisation programme

Rathbone¹,

Baqir²,

Campbell³

2022

Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy

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Advanced pharmacist practice: where is the United Kingdom in pursuit of this ‘Brave New World’?

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

“A little bit more looking…listening and feeling” A qualitative interview study exploring advanced clinical practice in primary care and community pharmacy

“A little bit more looking…listening and feeling” A qualitative interview study exploring advanced clinical practice in primary care and community pharmacy

Development of innovative simulation teaching for advanced general practice clinical pharmacists

Barriers and enablers to pharmacists' involvement in a novel immunisation programme

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