Advanced Packaging of Optoelectronic Devices

Tang, Zirong; Shi, Tielin; Shi, Frank G.

doi:10.1002/047134608x.w8193

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…When choosing a solder material, several properties must be considered, such as melting temperature, Young's modulus, CTE, Poisson ratio, fatigue behavior, and creep rate [103]. A distinction can be made between "soft" solders, such as PbSn, InSn, and InPb, which are characterized by low melting temperature, increase in strength, and decrease in ductility at low temperature, and "hard" solders, such as AuSn, AuGe and AuSi, which do not undergo stress relaxation [104] (and references therein).…”

Section: Bonding At Cryogenic Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Devices, Packaging, and Materials for Cryogenic Optoelectronics

Bardalen¹,

Akram²,

Malmbekk³

et al. 2015

Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging

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In this article, developments and techniques related to optical-fiber-coupled devices operating at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. These devices include superconducting electronics and photodetectors. Superconducting circuits have a number of suitable characteristics in terms of speed and efficiency, lower power consumption, and traceability to fundamental quantum properties. Thus, applications are found in a number of technologies, such as communication and metrology. Often, the devices are coupled by an optical fiber link to an external source. A suitable design of the optical coupling at cryogenic temperatures entails considerations of electromagnetic behavior, geometry, components, material choices, and customized packaging schemes. Minimizing thermomechanical stresses and deformation is a challenge due to the extreme temperature span, from room temperature to below 10 K. Due to the thermomechanical properties at low temperatures, with high contraction and brittleness of some materials, careful design and testing is dictated for the method of mechanical attachment and alignment techniques to avoid failure. Solutions for the efficient, robust optical coupling remain a challenge for some of these devices.

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Section: Bonding At Cryogenic Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Devices, Packaging, and Materials for Cryogenic Optoelectronics

Bardalen¹,

Akram²,

Malmbekk³

et al. 2015

Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging

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“…The main factors of extrinsic degradation are humidity and oxygen and can be suppressed by proper encapsulation [2] [3]. Intrinsic degradation refers to the decrease of the brightness of the OLED during operation, and remains not well understood and controlled [4].…”

Section: Amentioning

confidence: 99%

OLED ageing signature characterization under combined thermal and electrical stresses

Dupuis

Alchaddoud

Canale

et al. 2014

Proceedings of 2014 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials

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OLED are appearing at the industrial scale for purposes such as decorative lighting as well as LCD screen back-lighting. One of their main advantages compared to LED is their reduced light intensity: the luminous flux is produced by a much greater surface. Nevertheless there are a number of strong constraints on their allowable operating conditions, which may otherwise dramatically reduce their lifetime. This aspect of OLEDs is up to now not well understood and generally requires the knowledge of the layers and the chemical compounds used to build the device. In this study we submitted commercial OLEDs to limit conditions with respect to their maximum current and temperature. Complete electrical, optical, photometric and thermic characterization was performed on new devices, and repeated at regular intervals during the ageing process. Electrical parameters were measured with a Solartron impedance analyzer and a Keithley Source meter applying current and voltage steps. By the analysis of the indicial response elements of the equivalent linear circuit were extracted. We will illustrate which parameters change the most with the ageing process. The purpose is to predict and quantify the useful lifetime of OLED under electrical and/or thermal stress. Another outcome of importance is related to OLED driver design, namely specifying the end-of-life electrical characteristics. The operating point's significantly drifted from their original values leading sometimes to a doubling of the operating voltage at the same current level.

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