LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to:1. Describe the new chemotherapy design strategies (i.e., sequential, alternating, and maintenance/consolidation chemotherapy).2. Identify potential advantages and drawbacks of these new strategies in advanced NSCLC.3. Discuss the results of clinical trials testing sequential, alternating, and maintenance/consolidation chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ at CME.TheOncologist.com CME CME
ABSTRACTA platinum-based doublet with a third-generation agent (paclitaxel, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, docetaxel) represents the standard first-line treatment for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with good performance status (PS). Traditional chemotherapy provides response rates of 20%-40% and a median survival of 8 -10 months.In an attempt to improve its outcome, alternative schedules have been proposed, namely sequential, alternating, and maintenance/consolidation therapy. Sequential chemotherapy with a platinum-based doublet followed by a single agent is feasible in patients with good PS; preliminary results from randomized phase III trials with combination chemotherapy as a comparator are promising, suggesting similar efficacy and a better toxicity profile for the sequential arm. The use of sequential single agents is an option for elderly and frail patients unsuitable for a platinum-based combination.Based on trials published so far, it is unlikely that an alternating chemotherapy strategy will be proven superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with good PS. However, sufficient evidence exists that it could be appropriate in the elderly or in unfit individuals.Consolidation/maintenance chemotherapy may provide additional benefit for patients achieving disease control after standard first-line chemotherapy. Better results are seen when maintenance consists of an agent that has proven active in the induction phase. Further evaluation of this strategy, as well as of consolidation/maintenance therapy with targeted agents, is warranted.In conclusion, these approaches may improve the out-