Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Abstract:The use of nanoparticles has contributed to many advances due to their important properties such as, size, shape or biocompatibility. The use of nanotechnology in medicine has great potential, especially in medical microbiology. Promising data show the possibility of shaping immune responses and fighting severe infections using synthetic materials. Different studies have suggested that the addition of synthetic nanoparticles in vaccines and immunotherapy will have a great impact on public health. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns worldwide; a recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO) states that antibiotic resistance could cause 300 million deaths by 2050. Nanomedicine offers an innovative tool for combating the high rates of resistance that we are fighting nowadays, by the development of both alternative therapeutic and prophylaxis approaches and also novel diagnosis methods. Early detection of infectious diseases is the key to a successful treatment and the new developed applications based on nanotechnology offer an increased sensibility and efficiency of the diagnosis. The aim of this review is to reveal and discuss the main advances made on the science of nanomaterials for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Highlighting innovative approaches utilized to: (i) increasing the efficiency of vaccines; (ii) obtaining shuttle systems that require lower antibiotic concentrations; (iii) developing coating devices that inhibit microbial colonization and biofilm formation.

Biocompatible Colloidal Suspensions Based on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicological Profile

“…There were recorded extensive efforts to develop effective nanomaterials as diagnostic, prevention and treatment tools for cancer and other disorders, such as infectious, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases (Zdrojewicz et al, 2015; Radomska et al, 2016; Torres-Sangiao et al, 2016). The interest for the liaison between nanoparticles and medicine could be quantified by the number of articles enlisted in the PubMed database—over 130,000 at the moment that this article was written (November 2016), number acquired after a search for “nanoparticles.”…”

3D map distribution of metallic nanoparticles in whole cells using MeV ion microscopy

“…This is essential to combine cell morphological details with NP distribution in the 3D cell space and assure any NP compartmentalization. These capabilities represent a high potential in studies dealing with the interaction of engineered NP with cells, in controlled conditions close to physiological state, which is a research topic fundamental for unravelling NP mechanisms of action and eventually for ensuring their safe use (Bondarenko et al, 2013;Tenzer et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014;Padmanabhan et al, 2016;Torres-Sangiao et al, 2016).…”

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to probe cellular functions, shape physiological responses, vaccines and as biosensors (Mohanraj & Chen, 2006;Padmanabhan et al, 2016;Torres-Sangiao et al, 2016) among other applications, although the complete understanding of their biological toxicity remains unclear (Pujalt et al, 2011;Chang et al, 2012;Froehlich, 2015). Ongoing research on the biological effects of NP is being carried out, specifically on their quantization, transport and volume distribution in cells.…”

Nanovesicles: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools in Nanoscale Medicine

“…Although many innovative platforms of vaccines have been widely developed still researchers look for new effective vaccine platforms. For instance, combinatorial vaccines with known adjuvants to be safer and more effective treatments for specific cancers, viruses, infectious diseases are significant challenges for protecting public health from potential pandemics or ongoing ones [27].…”