Advanced Nano-biocomposites Based on Starch

Abstract

Starch as a biopolymer directly extracted from nature has received much attention in recent years due to its strong advantages such as low cost, wide availability, renewability, and total compostability without toxic residues. Starch-based materials always display properties that are less satisfactory than those of traditional polymer materials, which can be ascribed to the inherent characteristics of starch. To make such materials to be truly competitive and to widen its applications, the development of starch-based nano-biocomposites could be a promising solution. This chapter provides the fundamental knowledge related to starch-based nano-biocomposites as well as the most recent developments in this area. Various types of nanofillers that have been used with plasticized starch are discussed such as montmorillonite, cellulose nanowhiskers, and starch nanoparticles. The preparation strategies for starch-based nano-biocomposites with these types of nanofillers and the corresponding dispersion state and related properties are also largely discussed.

Synergistic effect of graphene oxide nanoplatelets and cellulose nanofibers on mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of thermoplastic starch

“…Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the TPS/CNF films are represented in Figure , and elongation at break is shown in Figure . The three percentages of CNF added to TPS were chosen based on previous studies by Nasri‐Nasrabadi et al, Yildirim et al, Sanyang et al, and Santana et al As it is shown in Figure , by increasing the CNF loading to 15 wt% in the matrix, the tensile strength was increased from 3 to 5.1 MPa, which shows 66.6% improvement in the tensile strength that is in agreement with other literature …”

“…This increase in elastic modulus can be attributed to the good dispersion of CNF inside the matrix and high compatibility between the matrix and the reinforcement phase and also intrinsic stiffness of CNF due to their crystallinity. The chemical similarity of both phases and the hydrogen bond interactions at the interface leads to a more efficient stress transfer between the matrix and reinforcement phases, which causes the enhancement of mechanical properties …”

Synthesis and Characterization of Jellified Composites from Bovine Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite and Starch as Precursors for Robocasting

“…These damaged regions are then adsorbed at the ceramic particles surface; this enhances the mechanical strength of the consolidated body. 18 , 24 The influence of starch addition upon the morphology is best observed in the samples with higher starch concentrations (25–50 wt %) in which the large ceramic particles are covered with gel scales consisting of starch and small HA particles.…”

“…Bovine bone-derived HA and food grade corn starch were chosen as powder precursors due to their proven suitability for biomedical applications. 2 , 18 HA–starch samples were prepared with water, without using other additives. Starch concentration and HA particle size distribution were the main variables evaluated in the study; valuable insights related to particle size and geometry were also included.…”

Suppression of Pancreatin-Induced Digestion of Starch in Starch Granules by Starch/Fatty Acid and Starch/Flavonoid Complexes in Retrograding Rice Flour

“…Therefore, the presence of fragmented amylose and amylopectin in the flour is possible. In addition to these fragments, amylose in joshinko particles is supposed to move to the surface of starch granules present in the particles during gelatinization [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The ∆ A spectrum of trace a minus KI–I 2 in Figure 2 B had a broad peak around 600 nm (not shown), indicating that amylopectin and amylose precipitated with joshinko particles by centrifugation were released from the sediment when suspended in the buffer solution to measure the starch-iodine complex formation (III).…”