Advanced Na metal anodes

Zhao, Chenglong; Lu, Yaxiang; Yue, Jinming; Du, Pan; Qi, Yuruo; Hu, Yong‐Sheng; Chen, Liquan

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.03.004

Cited by 107 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Voltage and capacity plots are presented in Figure for “dry” [i.e., IL+salt (<20 ppm water)] and 1000 ppm [i.e., IL+salt+water (≈1000 ppm)] samples. The dry sample in Figure a displayed a typical charge/discharge behavior, that is, two charge plateaus at 2.9 and 3.1 V and a single plateau at 2.8 V in the discharge profile, which are related to two biphasic reactions with close potentials . Surprisingly, after addition of water these plateaus remained constant and stable, that is, the voltage profiles of both the dry and the 1000 ppm cell were very similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Water as an Effective Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Na Metal Batteries? Studies in a Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

et al. 2019

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The effect of water on the properties of superconcentrated sodium salt solutions in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated to design electrolytes for sodium battery applications with water as an additive. Water was added to a 50 mol % solution of NaFSI [FSI=bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide] in the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3mpyrFSI). Although the thermal properties (e.g., glass transition temperature) showed little dependence on the water content, the viscosity and, in particular, the ionic conductivity were strongly affected. The Na|Na symmetrical cell cycling performance was strongly dependent on the applied current density as well as on the water content. At higher current densities (1.0 mA cm−2) the polarization profiles showed a water dependence, suggesting that water was actively involved in the formation of an improved solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) for high‐water‐content samples (1000–5000 ppm), resulting in improved long‐term cycling stability. The initial impedance of cells cycled at 1.0 mA cm−2 (measured after 20 cycles) was elevated after water addition, and large polarizations occured for the “wet” samples. However, with further cycling the wet cells began to exhibit lower polarization and improved stability compared to the “dry” sample. The Na|NaFePO4 cell cycling performance was also demonstrated with minimal effect on the cell capacity, further highlighting the negligible activity of water in these electrolyte systems. In fact, reduced cell polarization and a more clearly defined charge profile were evident after water addition. The work shown here suggests that water may be used as a convenient and inexpensive additive for superconcentrated sodium IL electrolytes for improved device performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Water as an Effective Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Na Metal Batteries? Studies in a Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

et al. 2019

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“…Nevertheless, the intriguing safety issues arising from dendrite formation and the high reactivity of Li metal hamper its practical applications . Furthermore, the scarcity and uneven distribution of Li resource cause the difficulty of larger‐scale commercialization . Sharing similar physico‐chemical properties and challenges with Li metal anode, Na metal anode has emerged owing to its high theoretical capacity (1165 mAh g −1 ), favorable operation potential (−2.71 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode), widespread availability, and low cost to eliminate the concern of high cost and limited geographical distribution facing Li metal anode .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the Reversibility of Sodium Metal Anode via Heteroatom‐Doped Hollow Carbon Fibers

Zheng

Cao

et al. 2019

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Sodium (Na) metal anodes stand out with their remarkable capacity and natural abundance. However, the dendritic Na growth, infinite dimensional changes, and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) present key bottlenecks plaguing practical applications. Here, heteroatom‐doped (nitrogen, sulfur) hollow carbon fibers (D‐HCF) are rationally synthesized as a nucleation‐assisting host to enable a highly reversible Na metal. The “sodiophilic” functional groups introduced by the heteroatom‐doping and large surface area (≈1052 m2 g−1) synchronously contribute to a homogenous plating morphology with dissipated local current density. High “sodiophilicity” of the D‐HCF is confirmed by first‐principle calculations and experimental results, where strong adsorption energy of −3.52 eV with low Na+ nucleation overpotential of 3.2 mV at 0.2 mA cm−2 is realized. As such, highly reversible plating/stripping is achieved at 1.0 mA cm−2 with average CE approximating 99.52% over 600 cycles. The as‐assembled Na@D‐HCF symmetric cells exhibit a prolonged lifetime for 1000 h. A full‐cell paired with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode further demonstrates stable electrochemical behavior for 200 cycles at 1 C along with excellent rate performance (102 mAh g−1 at 5 C). The results clearly show the effectiveness of the D‐HCF in manipulating Na+ deposition and thus the significance of nucleation control in realizing dendrite‐free metal anodes.

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“…12,19,27 Carbonaceous materials are considered as the most representative anode materials owing to their abundance and high electrochemical performance, particularly hard carbon materials, which have exhibited capacities over~350 mAh g −1 . 12,19,27 Carbonaceous materials are considered as the most representative anode materials owing to their abundance and high electrochemical performance, particularly hard carbon materials, which have exhibited capacities over~350 mAh g −1 .…”

Section: Flexible Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, low electrical conductivity and high solubility in liquid electrolytes often limit their cycle stability. 27 77 Recently, Na metal anodes have attracted extensive research interest due to their high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential.…”

Section: Flexible Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the past decade, various electrode materials have been discovered and investigated for use in Na batteries, as shown in Figure 1B,C, including cathode materials [12][13][14][15] : layered oxides, 16 polyanionic compounds, 17 Prussian blue analogues, 18 sulfur and gas (O 2 and CO 2 ) etc, anodes, 14,19 carbon-based materials, 20,21 titanium-based materials, 22,23 alloy materials, 24 chalcogen-based materials, 19,25,26 organic materials, 19,25,26 Na metal anodes, 27 and so forth. During the past decade, various electrode materials have been discovered and investigated for use in Na batteries, as shown in Figure 1B,C, including cathode materials [12][13][14][15] : layered oxides, 16 polyanionic compounds, 17 Prussian blue analogues, 18 sulfur and gas (O 2 and CO 2 ) etc, anodes, 14,19 carbon-based materials, 20,21 titanium-based materials, 22,23 alloy materials, 24 chalcogen-based materials, 19,25,26 organic materials, 19,25,26 Na metal anodes, 27<...>…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flexible Na batteries

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2019

InfoMat

Self Cite

112

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Flexible energy storage devices have gained significant attention because of the increasing needs of bendable displays, wearable electronics, and flexible displays. Flexible Na‐based rechargeable batteries are the promising power sources in such products due to their low cost and wide availability. In this review, we firstly introduce the structural superiority of flexible Na‐based batteries and summarize their main components including cathodes, electrolytes, and anodes. Moreover, fabrication of their flexible components is discussed in detail, with specific emphasis on material selection, particularly for solid‐state electrolytes. This is followed by an overview highlighting recent progress in the development of prototypes of flexible Na‐ion batteries and beyond. Finally, perspectives on future challenges for the development of flexible Na batteries are proposed.

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Advanced Na metal anodes

Cited by 107 publications

References 109 publications

Water as an Effective Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Na Metal Batteries? Studies in a Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Water as an Effective Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Na Metal Batteries? Studies in a Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Boosting the Reversibility of Sodium Metal Anode via Heteroatom‐Doped Hollow Carbon Fibers

Flexible Na batteries

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