Advanced MRI Techniques for the Ankle

Siriwanarangsun, Palanan; Bae, Won C.; Statum, Sheronda; Chung, Christine B.

doi:10.2214/ajr.17.18057

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to computed tomography (CT) for visualizing postganglionic and peripheral nerve lesions 43 . Specific sequences optimized to visualize nerves with limited susceptibility to metal artifact (i.e., magnetic resonance neurography pulse sequences) can identify the location and severity of a nerve lesion, even when in close proximity to a metal prosthesis 44,45 . Findings on MRI have been shown to correlate closely with nerve denervation on electromyography (EMG) 46,47 .…”

Section: Diagnosis and Initial Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Treatment of Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Florczynski

Paul

Leroux

et al. 2021

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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Nerve injuries during shoulder arthroplasty have traditionally been considered rare events, but recent electrodiagnostic studies have shown that intraoperative nerve trauma is relatively common.The brachial plexus and axillary and suprascapular nerves are the most commonly injured neurologic structures, with the radial and musculocutaneous nerves being less common sites of injury.Specific measures taken during the surgical approach, component implantation, and revision surgery may help to prevent direct nerve injury. Intraoperative positioning maneuvers and arm lengthening warrant consideration to minimize indirect injuries.Suspected nerve injuries should be investigated with electromyography preferably at 6 weeks and no later than 3 months postoperatively, allowing for primary reconstruction within 3 to 6 months of injury when indicated. Primary reconstructive options include neurolysis, direct nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers.Secondary reconstruction is preferred for injuries presenting >12 months after surgery. Secondary reconstructive options with favorable outcomes include tendon transfers and free functioning muscle transfers.

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Section: Diagnosis and Initial Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Treatment of Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Florczynski

Paul

Leroux

et al. 2021

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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“…T2-weighted sequences display indirect signs of ligament failure like joint effusion, hyperintensity of adjacent soft tissues, and periarticular hemorrhage 1,6. Nonenhanced fast spin-echo proton density (PD)-weighted sequence is currently the workhorse in imaging most musculoskeletal abnormalities including ankle injuries 8. Its time of echo is intermediate between standard PD and T2 sequences and balances signal to noise ratio and fluid sensitivity 8.…”

Section: Imaging Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle Ligaments

Cledera¹,

Flores²

2021

Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology

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Ankle sprains are a common sports injury that can lead to chronic symptoms and residual instability. Ankle ligaments may be classified into four groups. This article reviews anatomy, MRI features, mechanisms of injury, and associated pathology of ankle ligaments. Imaging ConsiderationsAnkle sprains are primarily diagnosed by physical examination. Localization to a specific ligament (Table 1) relies on pain and ecchymosis at the site and abnormal mobility, when maneuvers that an intact ligament would normally resist, are performed. 1 Imaging plays an important role in the acutely injured ankle where these tests are limited, demonstrating multiligamentous involvement and ruling out injuries to cartilage and bone. 2 Radiographs are the initial diagnostic tool, detecting fractures and joint derangement. Stress views are useful for assessing joint laxity, but are limited by pain, different technique and forces applied, and lack of consensus in diagnostic parameters. 1,2

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“…The condition of ankle joint cartilage, tendon, and ligament can be observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the same time. According to the different clinical conditions, scanning sequences and directions can be optimized and a contrast agent is introduced to find hidden lesions [ 10 ]. Ankle injuries can be graded on MRI, and high-grade ankle sprain with cartilage defect can prolong the time to return to competition [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of ankle cartilage in asymptomatic adolescent football players after season by T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging

Luo

Cao

et al. 2021

BioMed Eng OnLine

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Background Ankle sprain affects the structure and function of ankle cartilage. However, it is not clear whether the daily training and competition affect the ankle cartilage without acute injury. Changes in ankle cartilage without injury may influence future strategies to protect ankle function in athletes. This study aimed to evaluate whether the composition of ankle cartilage significantly altered in asymptomatic adolescent football players after a whole season of training and competition using T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods 12 local club’s U17 asymptomatic adolescent football players without abnormalities in routine MRI were included. Routine and T2-mapping MRI were performed to measure the cartilage thickness of tibiotalar joint (TT) and posterior subtalar joint (pST) and T2 values in pre- and post-seasons. All of them took the right side as dominant foot. Results In the pre- and post-seasons, cartilage T2 values in TT (talus side) and pST (calcaneus side) were higher than that of TT (tibial side) and pST (talus side) (all p < 0.05), which was caused by magic angle effect and gravity load. No statistically significant differences in thickness after season in the other cartilages of ankle were found compared with that before the season (all p > 0.05). However, T2 values of TT (tibial side and talus side) cartilage in the dominant foot were significantly reduced after season (p = 0.008; p = 0.034). These results indicate that the microstructure of articular cartilage changes in the joints with greater mobility, although no trauma occurred and the gross morphology of cartilage did not change. Conclusion Changes in the T2 values of tibiotalar joint cartilage in the dominant foot of healthy young athletes before and after the season suggest that the microstructure of cartilage had changed during sports even without injury. This finding suggests that the dominant ankle joint should be protected during football to delay degeneration of the articular cartilage.

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Advanced MRI Techniques for the Ankle

Cited by 21 publications

References 99 publications

Prevention and Treatment of Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Prevention and Treatment of Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Arthroplasty

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle Ligaments

Quantitative evaluation of ankle cartilage in asymptomatic adolescent football players after season by T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging

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