Advanced Morphological and radiological studies on the stifle joint of Egyptian Baladi goat (Capra Hircus)

Anatomical, Radiological and Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Normal Stifle Joint in Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes)

“…The descending genicular artery distributed within the medial surface of the stifle supplying the joint capsule, it divided into a proximal branch distributed to the femoropatellar sac and a distal one distributed to the femorotibial sac. The popliteal artery distributed to the caudal surface of the stifle gave off three branches proximal, middle and distal branches such results simulate that observed by [8] in dog and [11] in goat. In accordance with [20] in canines, radiography was the most common method used in the veterinary medicine; it was considered a rabid method helped in the diagnosis of the joint, if it was normal or abnormal joint, while the MRI was DISCUSSION This study differs from any study on the stifle joint in the nature of animal used in the study, the researchers published in the field of wild animals were rare especially fox, no available works of literature for accurate data applied on the fox, that gave this study an especial importance.…”

“…While [2,7] in the dog, observed two parapatellar fibrocartilages bounded the patella laterally and medially, so should not luxate the normal patella of the dog. The medial and lateral menisci in fox were interposed between the femoral condyles proximally and tibial condyles distally, which was important in improving the congruency in the articular surface of the joint, these results similar in the stifle joint of all animals, these menisci characterized the stifle from any other joint as reported [2,7] in dog, [18] in sheep, [13] in bufflo, [11] in goat, [10,19] in domestic animal. In accordance to [2,16,18] in the dog, [10,19] in the domestic animal, [5] in march deer and [11] in goat, the cruciate, collateral, and meniscal ligaments had a similar arrangements in all animals, while the transverse ligament was attached the medial and lateral meniscus in the fox, as reported in the dog, rabbit, however it was absent in March deer, goat, equine and ruminants.…”

“…The researches of arterial supply especially of joint were very rare. The descending genicular and popliteal arteries were the main branches supplied the stifle in fox, as recorded by 10,16] in horse and ruminant, [8] in dog and [11] in goat . The descending genicular artery distributed within the medial surface of the stifle supplying the joint capsule, it divided into a proximal branch distributed to the femoropatellar sac and a distal one distributed to the femorotibial sac.…”

“…While the sesamoid bones were four, patella and medial, lateral and popliteal sesamoids called fabellae [2,6,7,8] in the dog. The sesamoid bones were absent in some breeds of dogs by [9], in horse [10] and in goat [11]. The patella of the fox was an oval in shape, the cranial surface was convex and rough, while the caudal surface was smooth and slightly concave, The lateral and medial sesamoids, located on the supracondyloid facets, The lateral sesamoid was a larger and more superior to the lateral condyle than the medial one, in agreement with [2] in the dog except for the caudal surface of the patella was smooth and convex.…”

“…The patella of the fox was an oval in shape, the cranial surface was convex and rough, while the caudal surface was smooth and slightly concave, The lateral and medial sesamoids, located on the supracondyloid facets, The lateral sesamoid was a larger and more superior to the lateral condyle than the medial one, in agreement with [2] in the dog except for the caudal surface of the patella was smooth and convex. The shape of the patella differed between the domestic mammals as it was triangular in goat [11] and Quadrangular in the horse [10]. Three joint sacs communicated together in the fox, large femoropatellar sac and two femorotibial sacs were similar to dog [7], goat [11], sheep [12], buffalo [13] and in the rabbit [14], except that's recorded by [10] in the horse, the femoropatellar joint sac communicated only to the medial femorotibial joint sac.…”