Advanced modeling and control of wind conversion systems based on hybrid generators using fractional order controllers

Abstract

The focus of this study is on modeling and management of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator (HESG). Using a wind simulator, two controllers, CRONE and H∞, are evaluated for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and optimal rotation speed. The results show the CRONE controller's higher tracking capability, and robustness tests investigate the influence of parametric uncertainty. Space harmonic effects, commutation effects, and turbine shaft flexibility are all addressed in the sophisticated models. The introduction of Fractional Order Proportional‐Integral (FOPI) control for MPPT is a game changer. Although fractional calculus‐based accuracy and robustness are uncommon in WECS, they show promise for emissions reduction and increased energy efficiency. This work validates a dependable control approach inside an isolated HESG‐based WECS's power‐maximizing range. Extensive investigation of the parameters impacting FOPI control efficiency yields useful insights for effective MPPT control. A variable‐speed wind turbine (WT) is linked to a HESG through a multiplier, with a controller controlling generator coil excitation voltages and a rectifier connecting the WECS to a load. A thorough 3 kW HESG electrical model that includes generator space harmonics and converter commutation effects is among the contributions. For HESG‐based WECS stability, frequency analysis finds important resonant and anti‐resonant frequencies. These issues are addressed by a FOPI control technique, which ensures system stability and performance. The necessity of exact frequency analysis in HESG‐based WECS is highlighted by a step‐by‐step controller parameter tuning approach.