Advanced metering infrastructure's measurement of working, reflected, and detrimental active power in microgrids

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of renewable energy sources and harmonic generating loads, issues with power quality can be addressed with the help of the advanced metering infra-structure (AMI). Power quality is a major issue with microgrids because they tend to have low short circuit power with higher levels of harmonic distortion and asymmetry than major power grids. Energy delivered to the customer by distorted and asymmetrical voltages and currents can be composed of a useful component and a component that can be harmful to customers and/or the utility. Unfortunately, traditional analog based energy meters are incapable of distinguishing these components and billing for them appropriately. Using a new concept of working, detrimental, and reflected active power, via the advanced metering infrastructure, sources of degradation can be pinpointed so entities responsible for harmonic distortion and asymmetry can be made aware of the issue. A model of a microgrid bus will demonstrate the con-sequences of distortion and asymmetry. Enforcing penalties can result in better voltage and current profiles thus increasing the overall efficiency of the microgrid for a minimal cost of software updates to AMI meters.

Optimal Performance and Modeling of Wireless Technology Enabling Smart Electric Metering Systems Including Microgrids

“…According to Inga et al in their 2017 paper [14,15], for AMI to be considered an efficient and reliable component of the smart grid (SG), it is necessary to ensure two-way communication between the smart meter (SM) and the electric utility. According to [1,2,16], the key in SG is the integration of an adequate communication infrastructure that allows monitoring and gives way to effective control of the electric grid; in addition, it should be taken into account that the data obtained from AMI are necessary for power quality management, especially if we integrate electric micro grids [7,8,11]; additionally, advanced infrastructures allow metering data to be managed for MG operation, and load forecasting to the system [17,18].…”

Innovative technique for evaluating electric power distortion in cable transmission line

“…A negative impact on the electrical energy qual ity is exerted by increasing the installed capacity of electrical technology of consumers with devices of semiconductor tech nique, which are also an element of the electric power system. In this case, the problems of electromagnetic compatibility are solved successfully taking into account the quality level of electrical energy [2]. Small generating systems are installed close to consumers' location.…”