Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions

Zhang, Dandan; Gorochowski, Thomas E.; Marucci, Lucia; Lee, Kang-In; Li, Bing; Hauert, Sabine; Yeatman, Eric M.

doi:10.3389/frobt.2022.1086043

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…For microrobots, all on-board components (such as actuator, sensor, energy, or power unit) must be miniaturized to the micron scale . This is a significant challenge in the fabrication of diagnostic robots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 For microrobots, all on-board components (such as actuator, sensor, energy, or power unit) must be miniaturized to the micron scale. 6 This is a significant challenge in the fabrication of diagnostic robots. Living bacteria are excellent candidates for microrobotics because they can be thought of as actuator− sensor−processing units, with fundamental embedded functionalities in autonomous robots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living Magnetotactic Microrobots Based on Bacteria with a Surface-Displayed CRISPR/Cas12a System for Penaeus Viruses Detection

Chen,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Bacterial microrobots are an emerging living material in the field of diagnostics. However, it is an important challenge to make bacterial microrobots with both controlled motility and specific functions. Herein, magnetically driven diagnostic bacterial microrobots are prepared by standardized and modular synthetic biology methods. To ensure mobility, the Mms6 protein is displayed on the surface of bacteria and is exploited for magnetic biomineralization. This gives the bacterial microrobot the ability to cruise flexibly and rapidly with a magnetization intensity up to about 18.65 emu g–1. To achieve the diagnostic function, the Cas12a protein is displayed on the bacterial surface and is used for aquatic pathogen nucleic acid detection. This allows the bacterial microrobot to achieve sensitive, rapid, and accurate on-site nucleic acid detection, with detection limits of 8 copies μL–1 for decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) and 7 copies μL–1 for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In particular, the diagnostic results based on the bacterial microrobots remained consistent with the gold standard test results when tested on shrimp tissue. This approach is a flexible and customizable strategy for building bacterial microrobots, providing a reliable and versatile solution for the design of bacterial microrobots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Magnetotactic Microrobots Based on Bacteria with a Surface-Displayed CRISPR/Cas12a System for Penaeus Viruses Detection

Chen,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Today, the development of microrobots is a highly dynamic field of research [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. There are numerous different approaches presented in scientific literature [ 4 , 5 ]: magnetic swimmers [ 6 , 7 ] and inchworms [ 8 ], optical driven microrobots [ 9 , 10 ], lyposome-based systems [ 11 ], enzyme catalysis powered micromotors [ 12 ], and many others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, such microrobots will be used in different fields but limited by the environment. For example, compatibility and the absence of any interactions except those desired are necessary in the case of medical applications inside the human body [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors

Готовцев

2023

Biomimetics

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The presented review focused on the microbial cell based system. This approach is based on the application of microorganisms as the main part of a robot that is responsible for the motility, cargo shipping, and in some cases, the production of useful chemicals. Living cells in such microrobots have both advantages and disadvantages. Regarding the advantages, it is necessary to mention the motility of cells, which can be natural chemotaxis or phototaxis, depending on the organism. There are approaches to make cells magnetotactic by adding nanoparticles to their surface. Today, the results of the development of such microrobots have been widely discussed. It has been shown that there is a possibility of combining different types of taxis to enhance the control level of the microrobots based on the microorganisms’ cells and the efficiency of the solving task. Another advantage is the possibility of applying the whole potential of synthetic biology to make the behavior of the cells more controllable and complex. Biosynthesis of the cargo, advanced sensing, on/off switches, and other promising approaches are discussed within the context of the application for the microrobots. Thus, a synthetic biology application offers significant perspectives on microbial cell based microrobot development. Disadvantages that follow from the nature of microbial cells such as the number of external factors influence the cells, potential immune reaction, etc. They provide several limitations in the application, but do not decrease the bright perspectives of microrobots based on the cells of the microorganisms.

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“…In comparison to macroscale robotics, microrobots having onboard components like transmitters, receivers, sensors, and actuators are far from achieving. Recently, there are reports [6,7], that using minimal components, micro-swimmers/robots/-motors can perform tasks like delivery of therapeutic cargo, controlling drug release, probing intra-and extra-cellular environments, manipulating microscale objects, sensing (temperature, pH, and biomolecules), and detoxification. In actual scenarios, these applications are to be carried out in complex biological environments and require precise control and good efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Propulsion of Bioinspired Microswimmer in Microchannel at Low Reynolds Number

Chennaram,

Sharanya,

Sonamani Singh

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Swimming of micro-scale bodies is different from macro-scale counterparts due to low Reynolds number (Re) fluid-swimmer interaction. The Re is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force and it can be expressed as, Re =ρ𝑣𝑙/µ, where ρ and µ are the density and viscosity of the fluid medium, v and l are the velocity and length of the swimmer. For microswimmers, due to the small length scale Re < 1, the inertial forces are negligible compared to viscous forces. Unlike the macroscale swimmers which exploit the inertial force for locomotion, microswimmers must use a different strategy to propel in low Re condition. These strategies are already available and used by microorganisms, which are perfect low Re swimmers, for example, Spermatozoon exploits their tail flexibility and anisotropic drag to swim, and E. coli bacteria use their helical tail to generate a non-reciprocal motion. By mimicking these microswimmers, researchers have developed many bioinspired microswimmers/microrobots having the potential to perform biomedical tasks like drug delivery, cell manipulation, in-situ sensing, and detoxification. Theoretical modeling and simulation of microswimmers are generally done by assuming that the microswimmer is in an infinite fluid medium, but the type of biomedical applications aimed are in confined environments with boundaries. Also, the environments are very complex, and it requires precise control and efficacy. In this paper, we present the modeling of flagellated magnetic microswimmer (inspired by Spermatozoon) in a microchannel using the finite element method. The dynamics were simulated by incorporating the complete hydrodynamic interactions (HI), that is intra-HI between the parts of the swimmer and inter-HI between the swimmer and the boundary walls of the channel. The parametric dependence analysis reveals that swimmer kinematics are dependent on the length and width of the tail, the head radius, width of the channel, and the actuation frequency of the driving magnetic field. These dependencies are explored to find a navigation control mechanism for the propulsion of microswimmer in a channel.

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Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions

Cited by 15 publications

References 188 publications

Living Magnetotactic Microrobots Based on Bacteria with a Surface-Displayed CRISPR/Cas12a System for Penaeus Viruses Detection

Living Magnetotactic Microrobots Based on Bacteria with a Surface-Displayed CRISPR/Cas12a System for Penaeus Viruses Detection

Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors

Bidirectional Propulsion of Bioinspired Microswimmer in Microchannel at Low Reynolds Number

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