Advanced Lignin Valorization for Biorefinery Application

Abstract

Despite concerns about diminishing fossil fuels and the imperative for renewable alternatives, lignin, Earth’s most abundant aromatic biopolymer, remains largely underutilized. This chapter explores the immense potential of lignin biorefinery to address energy demands, promote economic growth, and adhere to sustainable development principles. However, intricate structure, harsh odor, and toxicity hinder its valorization. To address these issues, examining emerging biochemical strategies, including thermochemical and enzymatic depolymerization and physical techniques, have emerged as promising avenues for converting lignin into valuable biofuels and chemical compounds. By highlighting innovative approaches and technologies, it emphasizes the pivotal role of lignin in driving biorefineries toward low-emission processes, yielding a diverse spectrum of bio-products. This chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and eco-friendly biorefinery practices of lignin valorization.