Advanced Knock Detection for Diesel/Natural Gas Engine Operation

Kirsten, Martin; Pirker, Gerhard; Redtenbacher, Christoph; Wimmer, Andreas; Chmela, Franz

doi:10.4271/2016-01-0785

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Kirsten,M. et al,in [30], differentiated the pressure oscillation caused by an HCCI combustion, named as ringing, with the autoignition of the end gas at the end of the combustion which is known as knock. Li et al used thermodynamic models [31] and Bahri et al neural networks [32]combined with experimental data to analyse the ringing intensity: both concluded that shortest combustion duration (from CA10 to CA50) are associated with higher ringing intensities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the in-cylinder pressure resonance excitation in internal combustion engines

et al. 2018

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This paper analyses the in-cylinder pressure oscillations in internal combustion engines, which are initiated by combustion and resonate during the expansion stroke. A specific mathematical tool, which takes into account the resonant frequency theory, has been developed to determine the resonance intensity evolution from the in-cylinder pressure signal. Two engines, a conventional spark-ignited (SI) engine modified to perform homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion, and a conventional compression ignited (CI) engine, were used to analyse the resonance excitation in various combustion modes at different operating conditions. The new transformation has been used to characterize resonance in various combustion modes and a previous method developed by the authors to estimate the trapped mass was fed by such knowledge to improve its robustness and accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the in-cylinder pressure resonance excitation in internal combustion engines

et al. 2018

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“…[27]. In addition, the methane content of the gas-air mixture has a significant influence on the ignition delay [28]. By advancing injection timing, it can be expected that the longer ignition delay enables deeper penetration of the injected diesel fuel into the combustion chamber and better mixing with the homogenous gas-air mixture, cf., Refs.…”

Section: Fig 5 Influence Of Diesel Fraction Reduction On the Combustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By advancing injection timing, it can be expected that the longer ignition delay enables deeper penetration of the injected diesel fuel into the combustion chamber and better mixing with the homogenous gas-air mixture, cf., Refs. [26,28]. It is probable that this considerably influences the area of self-ignition and hence the development of the initial flame front surface.…”

Section: Fig 5 Influence Of Diesel Fraction Reduction On the Combustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and Limitations of Dual Fuel Operation of High Speed Large Engines

Redtenbacher¹,

Kiesling²,

Malin³

et al. 2017

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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The aim of this paper is to identify and investigate the potential and limitations of diesel–gas combustion concepts for high speed large engines operated in gas mode with very small amounts of pilot fuel (<5% diesel fraction). Experimental tests were carried out on a flexible single cylinder research engine (displacement 6.24 dm3) equipped with a common rail system. Various engine configurations and operating parameters were varied and the effects on the combustion process were analyzed. The results presented in this paper include a comparison of the performance of the investigated dual fuel concept to those of a state-of-the-art monofuel gas engine and a state-of-the-art monofuel diesel engine. Evaluation reveals that certain limiting factors exist that prevent the dual fuel engine from performing as well as the superior gas engine. At the same NOx level of 1.3 g/kWh, the efficiency of the dual fuel engine is ≈3.5% pts. lower than that of the gas engine. This is caused by the weaker ignition performance of the injected pilot fuel compared to that of the gas scavenged prechamber of the gas engine. On the other hand, the dual fuel concept has the potential to compete with the diesel engine. The dual fuel engine can be operated at the efficiency level of the diesel engine yet with significantly lower NOx emissions (3.5 g/kWh and 6.3 g/kWh, respectively). Since the injection of pilot fuel is of major importance for flame initialization, and thus for the main combustion event of the dual fuel engine, optical investigations in a spray box, measurements of injection rates, and three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were conducted to obtain even more detailed insight into these processes. A study on the influence of the diesel fraction shows that diminishing the diesel fraction from 3% to lower values has a significant impact on engine performance because of the effects of such a reduction on injection, ignition delay, and initial flame formation. The presented results illustrate which operating strategy is beneficial for engine performance in terms of low NOx emissions and high efficiency. Moreover, potential measures can be derived which allow for further optimization of the diesel–gas combustion process.

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“…He found that advancing the diesel injection resulted in higher ignition delays and thus increased the maximum cylinder pressure and MPRR levels. Kirsten et al 41 proposed a knock event detection which separates the ringing oscillations due to the premixed combustion and the knocking combustion of the end-gas in a natural gas/diesel engine. The detection method calculates a factor using the information from each phase and compares it to a threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe operation of dual-fuel engines using constrained stochastic control

Guardiola

Plá

Bares

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Premixed combustion strategies have the potential to achieve high thermal efficiency and to lower the engine-out emissions such as NOx. However, the combustion is initiated at several kernels which create high pressure gradients inside the cylinder. Similarly to knock in spark ignition engines, these gradients might be responsible of important pressure oscillations with a harmful potential for the engine. This work aims to analyze the in-cylinder pressure oscillations in a dual-fuel combustion engine and to determine the feedback variables, control actuators, and control approach for a safe engine operation. Three combustion modes were examined: fully, highly, and partially premixed, and three indexes were analyzed to characterize the safe operation of the engine: the maximum pressure rise rate, the ringing intensity, and the maximum amplitude of pressure oscillations (MAPO). Results show that operation constraints exclusively based on indicators such as the pressure rise rate are not sufficient for a proper limitation of the in-cylinder pressure oscillations. This paper explores the use of a knock-like controller for maintaining the resonance index magnitude under a predefined limit where the gasoline fraction and the main injection timing were selected as control variables. The proposed strategy shows the ability to maintain the percentage of cycles exceeding the specified limit at a desired threshold at each combustion mode in all the cylinders.

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Advanced Knock Detection for Diesel/Natural Gas Engine Operation

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

An analysis of the in-cylinder pressure resonance excitation in internal combustion engines

An analysis of the in-cylinder pressure resonance excitation in internal combustion engines

Potential and Limitations of Dual Fuel Operation of High Speed Large Engines

Safe operation of dual-fuel engines using constrained stochastic control

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