Advanced Impedance Spectroscopy for QCM Sensor in Liquid Medium

Burda, Ioan

doi:10.3390/s22062337

Cited by 13 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…One of the two arms is called static and contains only a capacitance

determined by the existence of QCM sensor electrodes. The second arm models the piezoelectric properties of the QCM sensor [ 34 ]. This arm consists of two complex conjugated circuit elements that model the energy storage process, and a third element that models the dissipative processes of the QCM sensor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the scanning range is wrong, based on phase information, a new set of the frequency start and frequency stop is updated and the impedance measurement is reloaded. By applying the methods described in the literature [ 31 , 34 ], the electrical elements parameters of the BVD model are determined. The value of the motional capacitance

is retained in this stage and it can be expressed in the form:

where,

and

are directly correlated with the maximum and minimum of the raw data measured using VIA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In QCM based on impedance analyzer, the impedance or admittance of the QCM sensor is measured to accurately determine the series resonance frequency and bandwidth [ 32 , 33 ]. No other method of measuring the electrical parameters of the QCM sensor following the BVD model can achieve their accuracy and refinement [ 34 ]. In conventional impedance spectroscopy, the passive interrogation frequency is changed with constant steps over the frequency range covering the resonance peaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Bioinspired Resonant Frequency Tracking

Burda

2022

Biomimetics

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The reference acoustic properties of the quartz crystal used as a resonator are ensured by its high-quality factor (Q-factor). The microbalance of the quartz crystal (QCM) exploits the bulk acoustic properties of the quartz crystal. Turning a network analyzer or impedance analyzer into a QCM with a decent measurement rate is a challenge. The use of a virtual instrument to implement an impedance analyzer (VIA) provides greater flexibility to the virtual QCM. In this paper, VIA’s flexibility is exploited for the experimental evaluation of conventional scanning procedures and the influence of associated parameters, in order to identify elements that can lead to a limitation of the performance of a virtual QCM. The results of the experimental investigation justify the use of an innovative and optimized bioinspired scanning procedure to effectively track the serial resonance frequency of the QCM sensor. Variable-resolution spatial sampling of the human retina and the ability of the eye to refocus on the area of interest is the source of bioinspiration for achieving an adaptive virtual QCM. The design methodology and physics are described in detail, and the experimental investigations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed bioinspired scanning procedure.

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“…One of the two arms is called static and contains only a capacitance

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

is retained in this stage and it can be expressed in the form:

where,

and

are directly correlated with the maximum and minimum of the raw data measured using VIA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Bioinspired Resonant Frequency Tracking

Burda

2022

Biomimetics

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“…The Analog Discovery 2 (AD2) virtual instrument from Digilent Inc., Pullman, WA, USA [27] has been successfully used in various applications [28][29][30]. The WaveForms device manager provides alternate FPGA configuration files with different resource allocations.…”

Section: Regenerative Ring-down Qcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BVD parameters for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated QCM sensor was obtained using a virtual impedance analyzer (VIA) already presented in the literature [28,30]. In Figure 5a, the VIA results for the QCM sensor are shown.…”

Section: Natural Ring-down Of the Qcm Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Regenerative Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Burda

2022

Chemosensors

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The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) represented a substantial breakthrough in the use of the QCM sensor in diverse applications ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. To obtain the required selectivity and sensitivity of a volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor, it is necessary to coat the QCM sensor with a sensing film. As the QCM sensor is coated with the sensing film, an increase in the dissipation factor occurs, resulting in a shorter and shorter ring-down time. This decrease in ring-down time makes it difficult to implement the QCM-D method in an economical and portable configuration from the perspective of large-scale applications. To compensate for this effect, a regenerative method is proposed by which the damping effect produced by the sensing film is eliminated. In this sense, a regenerative circuit as an extension to a virtual instrument is proposed to validate the experimental method. The simulation of the ring-down time for the QCM sensor in the air considering the effect of the added sensing film, followed by the basic theoretical concepts of the regenerative method and the experimental results obtained, are analyzed in detail in this paper.

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A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based easy setup device for real-time mass change detection under high-power RF plasma

Senturk,

Kocum,

Seyitoglu

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Sensing technologies serve a crucial role in monitoring and testing surface properties in biosensors, thin films, and many other industries. Plasma treatments are routinely used in most of these technologies to modify the surfaces of materials. However, due to the high radio frequency (RF) noise in plasma processes, real-time surface tracking is still rather difficult. In this study, we aim to construct an easy-to-set up mass change detection system capable of operating under RF plasma conditions. For this purpose, we have presented a novel technique that utilizes the quartz crystal microbalance sensor to detect mass changes in different plasma environments. The constructed device was then tested under 13.56 MHz, 100 W plasma atmosphere. The results showed that the resonance frequency of a crystal was successfully measured with 1.0 Hz resolution under the impact of plasma-induced high power of RF noise. Moreover, as a preliminary study, we used ethylenediamine (EDA) to track changes in resonance frequency under plasma conditions and observed noise-free signals in frequency–voltage curves. Furthermore, the system’s sensitivity was found to be 3.8 ng/Hz, with a test molecule (EDA) deposition of about 380 ng in the RF plasma atmosphere. Overall, this study focused on creating a relatively new approach for detecting the real-time mass change in a strong RF environment, which we believe could be an improved and easy-to-set up technique for plasma-based processes such as surface coating, etching, and activation.

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Advanced Impedance Spectroscopy for QCM Sensor in Liquid Medium

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Virtual Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Bioinspired Resonant Frequency Tracking

Virtual Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Bioinspired Resonant Frequency Tracking

A Study on Regenerative Quartz Crystal Microbalance

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based easy setup device for real-time mass change detection under high-power RF plasma

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