Advanced Imaging of Brain Metastases: From Augmenting Visualization and Improving Diagnosis to Evaluating Treatment Response

Tong, Elizabeth; McCullagh, Kassie Lyn; Michael, Cassia

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00270

Cited by 53 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…MRI is the instrumental investigation of choice for the study of the human brain. In addition to standard morphological sequences, which are useful for defining anatomical alterations, there is wide use of advanced sequences that allow both imaging and quantitative information to be obtained about molecular and structural alterations of the brain tissue [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Among them, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging exploits the signals derived from the movement and directionality of water molecules to evaluate the cellularity and the structural integrity of tissues [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal MRI Assessment of Thalamic Structural Changes in Earthquake Survivors

et al. 2021

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Moving from the central role of the thalamus in the integration of inner and external stimuli and in the implementation of a stress-related response, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of any MRI structural and volumetric changes of the thalamic structures in earthquake witnesses. Forty-one subjects were included, namely 18 university students belonging to the experimental earthquake-exposed group (8 males and 10 females, mean age 24.5 ± 1.8 years) and a control group of 23 students not living in any earthquake-affected areas at the time of the earthquake (14 males and 9 females, mean age 23.7 ± 2.0 years). Instrumental MRI evaluation was performed using a 3-Tesla scanner, by acquiring a three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (FSPGR) sequence for volumetric analysis and an EPI (echoplanar imaging) sequence to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. As compared to the control one, the experimental group showed significantly lower gray matter volume in the mediodorsal nucleus of the left thalamus (p < 0.001). The dominant hemisphere thalamus in the experimental group showed higher mean ADC values and lower mean FA values as compared to the control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal MRI Assessment of Thalamic Structural Changes in Earthquake Survivors

et al. 2021

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“… 6 Thus, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI and FLAIR represent the most common imaging methods clinically, providing information on tumor size and morphology. 7 …”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current landscape and future perspectives in preclinical MR and PET imaging of brain metastasis

Aasen

Espedal

Keunen

et al. 2021

Neuro-Oncology Advances

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Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of cancer patient morbidity. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) represent important resources to assess tumor progression and treatment responses.In preclinical research, anatomical MRI and to some extent functional MRI have frequently been used to assess tumor progression. In contrast, PET has only to a limited extent been used in animal BM research. A considerable culprit is that results from most preclinical studies have showed little impact on the implementation of new treatment strategies in the clinic. This emphasizes the need for the development of robust, high-quality preclinical imaging strategies with potential for clinical translation.This review focuses on advanced preclinical MRI and PET imaging methods for BM, describing their applications in the context of what has been done in the clinic. The strengths and shortcomings of each technology are presented, and recommendations for future directions in the development of the individual imaging modalities are suggested. Finally, we highlight recent developments in quantitative MRI and PET, the use of radiomics and multimodal imaging, and the need for a standardization of imaging technologies and protocols between preclinical centers.

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“…The balance between Tumour Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) are, therefore, sub-optimal with the current treatments. One explanation may be the fact that BM are often diagnosed when locally advanced, as conventional MRI only detects the late disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) ( 5 )⁠, when tumours are large and frequently beyond effective treatment. In contrast, treatment in the earlier stages of BM development is likely to yield a better tumour control, as fewer tumour cells have invaded the brain parenchyma and those that have remain within easier reach of systemic therapies if access across the BBB can be negotiated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioimmunotherapy for Brain Metastases: The Potential for Inflammation as a Target of Choice

et al. 2021

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Brain metastases (BM) are frequently detected during the follow-up of patients with malignant tumors, particularly in those with advanced disease. Despite a major progress in systemic anti-cancer treatments, the average overall survival of these patients remains limited (6 months from diagnosis). Also, cognitive decline is regularly reported especially in patients treated with whole brain external beam radiotherapy (WBRT), due to the absorbed radiation dose in healthy brain tissue. New targeted therapies, for an earlier and/or more specific treatment of the tumor and its microenvironment, are needed. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a combination of a radionuclide to a specific antibody, appears to be a promising tool. Inflammation, which is involved in multiple steps, including the early phase, of BM development is attractive as a relevant target for RIT. This review will focus on the (1) early biomarkers of inflammation in BM pertinent for RIT, (2) state of the art studies on RIT for BM, and (3) the importance of dosimetry to RIT in BM. These two last points will be addressed in comparison to the conventional EBRT treatment, particularly with respect to the balance between tumor control and healthy tissue complications. Finally, because new diagnostic imaging techniques show a potential for the detection of BM at an early stage of the disease, we focus particularly on this therapeutic window.

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Advanced Imaging of Brain Metastases: From Augmenting Visualization and Improving Diagnosis to Evaluating Treatment Response

Cited by 53 publications

References 67 publications

Multimodal MRI Assessment of Thalamic Structural Changes in Earthquake Survivors

Multimodal MRI Assessment of Thalamic Structural Changes in Earthquake Survivors

Current landscape and future perspectives in preclinical MR and PET imaging of brain metastasis

Radioimmunotherapy for Brain Metastases: The Potential for Inflammation as a Target of Choice

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