Advanced glycation products’ levels and mechanical properties of vaginal tissue in pregnancy

Abstract

.Advanced glycation products' levels and mechanical properties of vaginal tissue in pregnancy.European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.037 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ABSTRACTObjectives: Non-enzymatic glycation is closely associated with altered mechanical properties of connective tissue. Pregnancy, marked with high levels of female hormones, confers unique alteration to the mechanical properties of pelvic connective tissues in order to meet their physiological demands.However, there are few studies on glycation content and its influence on the mechanical properties of pelvic connective tissues during pregnancy. We hypothesise that the glycation content in pelvic tissues will change with a corresponding change in their mechanical properties, and that these changes are influenced by hormone levels. This study aims to investigate the correlation of vaginal tissue glycation content and mechanical property changes during pregnancy in association with the expression of a key

Perspective of Advanced Glycation End Products on Human Health

“…One category involves the analysis of AGEs in food and the assessment of factors and mechanisms that affect AGE production in food, the bioavailability of AGEs in the diet, and the effects of AGE intake on health . The other category involves analyzing AGEs in vivo , ,,, exploring the possible pathogenesis of AGEs in vivo − and in vivo AGE generation, metabolism, and clearance mechanisms, ,, and investigating the association of AGEs with disease progression ,, and methods to reduce the physiological impacts of AGEs. , Among the above types of studies on AGEs, the largest number of studies focus on the physiological effects of AGEs in vivo and related inhibition methods, ,, of which the most common research model involves investigating the biochemical characteristics of AGE–BSA and the inhibition of the physiological effects of AGE–BSA.…”

“…As shown in Figure , through the physiological functions described above, in vivo AGEs enhance oxidative stress, affect immune balance, promote chronic inflammation, cause tissue damage, change the functional properties of tissue proteins, promote protein aggregation, and further induce the occurrence of numerous diseases or accelerate disease progression. − , However, the differences in physiological effects induced by free AGEs and protein-bound AGEs have not yet been completely elucidated. The relationship of AGE structures and their bioactivities, the number of AGE residues, and the structures of glycated proteins with the biological activity of AGE protein adducts has not been clarified.…”

“…9,10 AGEs also cause cross-linking, leading to stiffness in tissues, such as tendons, intervertebral discs, skin, arteries, and vaginal tissues. 11 As the pathological role of AGEs is clarified, scholars have begun to explore whether prolonged ingestion of large amounts of dietary AGEs promotes the onset of diseases or disease deterioration. A recent book edited by Uribarri details the role of dietary AGEs in disease and health over the past 2 decades.…”

“…This AGE–RAGE axis is even related to the development of cancer . In addition, AGE protein adducts also stimulate the activation of different cellular signaling pathways through RAGE, affecting cell physiology. , AGEs also cause cross-linking, leading to stiffness in tissues, such as tendons, intervertebral discs, skin, arteries, and vaginal tissues …”

The association between striae gravidarum and perineal lacerations during labor

“…It has been hypothesized that the connective tissue of women prone to SG undergoes an abnormal reaction to the physiological stretch during pregnancy and labor. Pregnancy, confers unique alterations to the mechanical properties of connective tissues in order to meet their physiological demands [ 11 ] Studies that demonstrated a slower than normal outgrowth of fibroblasts in the skin from SG and a reduced level of fibrillin, collagen and elastin support this hypothesis [ 12 , 13 ].…”