Advanced Glycation End Products, Inflammation, and Chronic Metabolic Diseases: Links in a Chain?

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse group of compounds produced when reducing sugars react with proteins or other compounds to form glycosylated molecules. AGEs may form endogenously, and glycation of molecules may negatively affect their function. AGEs may also be consumed in food form with dietary AGEs reported to be particularly high in foods treated with high heat: baked, broiled, grilled, and fried foods. Whether dietary AGEs are absorbed in significant quantities and whether they are harmful if absorbed is a question under current debate. The American Diabetes Association makes no recommendation regarding avoidance of these foods, but many researchers are concerned that they may be pro-inflammatory and way worsen cardiac function, kidney function, diabetes and its complications and may even contribute to obesity.

The impact of resveratrol on toxicity and related complications of advanced glycation end products: A systematic review

“…AGEs mainly activate plasma membrane‐localized receptors for AGE (RAGE) and cause major changes in intracellular signaling and disturbance in physiological functions, followed by organ damage . AGEs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of the diseases that are related to oxidative stress and inflammation including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, and other chronic metabolic conditions . Evidence suggests that antioxidant compounds may prevent both the production of AGEs and subsequent complications …”

“…4,5 AGEs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of the diseases that are related to oxidative stress and inflammation 6 including diabetes, 7 obesity, 8 cardiovascular diseases, 9 nervous system diseases, 10,11 and other chronic metabolic conditions. 12 Evidence suggests that antioxidant compounds may prevent both the production of AGEs and subsequent complications. 13,14 Resveratrol (3,4 0 ,5-Trihydroxystilbene; RSV) is a nutraceutical and a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant properties which is found in red grapes, berries, peanuts, and some vegetables.…”

Zinc against advanced glycation end products

“…However, excess levels of these compounds in the tissues and circulation may involve in many pathogenic pathways . AGEs have pathogenic importance in age‐related chronic diseases due to contribution in promotion of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis . AGEs are also produced under oxidative stress conditions and involved in development of many metabolic diseases such as diabetes …”

Patent Highlights

“…Whether pre-existing dietary AGEs are absorbed in significant quantities and whether they are harmful if absorbed are questions under current debate [34,35]; however, the key role of in situ-generated AGEs in the development of diabetic complications is undisputed. The sequestrants of the invention contain amine groups separated by two, three or four carbons, and can be small molecules, but are preferably polymers such as epichlorohydrin-cross-linked poly(methyleneamine), poly (2,3-…”