Advanced forensic procedure for the authentication of audio recordings generated by Voice Memos application of <scp>iOS14</scp>

Park, Nam In; Shim, Kyu-Sun; Lee, Ji Woo; Kim, Jin Hwan; Lim, Seong Ho; Byun, Jun Seok; Kim, Yong Jin; Jeon, Oc-Yeub

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15016

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Characteristics Of Audio Recordings and File System In Galax...supporting

confidence: 59%

“…Therefore, a different approach is necessary to solve this problem. As in the findings of previous studies (5,14), the file structure of audio recordings can be a distinct feature for classifying the source of the recording devices. Generally, in the Voice Recorder application of the Galaxy smartphone and Watch4 series, the audio recordings comprise "\ftyp," "\ mdat," and "\moov" atoms in sequence, which include the information about file type, audio stream, and decoding information, respectively ( 16).…”

Section: Audio Latency and Bandwidth For Audio Recordingssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In (12), the devices constrained to the Motorola mobile handsets could be identified by measuring the audio latency time using an audio tool. Recently, forensic authentication methods (5,13,14) for audio recordings from an iPhone were proposed, which involve combining device examination and techniques based on a comparison of file structure. Because forensic authentication research on audio recordings from smartwatches was insufficient, detecting forgery through the forensic analysis method (1,4), such as data extraction from smartwatches, was necessary.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forensic authentication method for audio recordings generated by Voice Recorder application on Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series

Park

Lim

Byun

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The number of smartwatch users has been rapidly increasing in recent years. A smartwatch is a wearable device that collects various types of data using sensors and provides basic functions, such as healthcare-related measurements and audio recording.In this study, we proposed the forensic authentication method for audio recordings from the Voice Recording application in the Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series. First, a total of 240 audio recordings from each of the four different models, paired with four different smartphones for synchronization via Bluetooth, were collected and verified. To analyze the characteristics of smartwatch audio recordings, we examined the transition of the audio latency, writable audio bandwidth, timestamps, and file structure between those generated in the smartwatches and those edited using the Voice Recording application of the paired smartphones. In addition, the devices with the audio recordings were examined via the Android Debug Bridge (ADB) tool and compared with the timestamps stored in the file system. The experimental results showed that the audio latency, writable audio bandwidth, and file structure of audio recordings generated by smartwatches differed from those generated by smartphones.Additionally, by analyzing the file structure, audio recordings can be classified as unmanipulated, manipulation has been attempted, or manipulated. Finally, we can forensically authenticate the audio recordings generated by the Voice Recorder application in the Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series by accessing the smartwatches and analyzing the timestamps related to the audio recordings in the file system.

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Section: Characteristics Of Audio Recordings and File System In Galax...supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Audio Latency and Bandwidth For Audio Recordingssupporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forensic authentication method for audio recordings generated by Voice Recorder application on Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series

Park

Lim

Byun

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…12 Mobile forensics a type of digital forensics, is a field that is still under development, and due to the varying nature of smartphone operating systems, extracting useful data as evidence proves to be a challenge. 13 Existing research in the field of forensics focuses mainly on analyzing log files, recovering data from memory, 14,15 databases, 16,17 file-systems, 18 network traffic, 19 etc. During mobile evidence collection, investigators mainly focus on collecting Message (SMS and MMS) data, call records, Location details, images, SIM card details, etc.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward social media forensics through development of iOS analyzers for evidence collection and analysis

Hyder,

Arshad,

Fatima

2024

Concurrency and Computation

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SummarySocial media usage in mobile phones has increased substantially in recent times, and they are a critically important source of a forensics investigation. In this paper, we have developed Python‐based forensic analyzers that are integrated with the open‐source tool Autopsy. The proposed analyzers find forensic artifacts from the three most widely used social media messaging applications, that is, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook Messenger. This research focuses on finding forensic artifacts stored by these social media applications on an iOS device. These analyzers extract data critical for a forensic investigation such as text messages, media attachments, sender and receiver details, timestamps, contact information, and other related forensics data from the full file system image of iOS devices. These Python‐based plugins extract the required data from the social media applications' databases and present the evidential artifacts in a human‐readable format. We integrated these analyzers into the Autopsy Forensics tool and showcased the gathered evidence so that investigators are capable to analyze the extracted information effortlessly. The data integrity is maintained by converting it into readable form without permanently altering the database format. The results prove that the proposed analyzers can successfully extract and analyze forensics data at a low computational overhead.

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“…Several previous studies have been conducted to detect tampering, source identification, integrity, and authentication in photos, videos, and audio [3,[6][7][8]11].…”

Section: Video Forensics Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic integrity verification of video recordings based on MTS files

Shim

Park

Lim

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Digital video is used in criminal trials as evidence with legal responsibility because video content vividly depicts events occurring at a crime scene. However, using sophisticated video editing software, assailants can easily manipulate visible clues for their own benefit. Therefore, the integrity of digital video files acquired or submitted as evidence must be ensured. Forensic analysis of digital video is key to ensuring the integrity of links with individual cameras. In this study, we analyzed whether it is possible to ensure the integrity of MTS video files. Herein, we propose a method to verify the integrity of MTS files encoded by advanced video coding high definition (AVCHD), which is frequently used for video recording. To verify MTS file integrity, we propose five features. Codec information, picture timing, and camera manufacture/model are modified AVI and MP4‐like format video verification features. Group of pictures and Universally Unique Identifier patterns were specifically developed for MTS streams. We analyzed the features of 44 standard files recorded using all recording options of seven cameras. We checked whether integrity can be validated on unmanipulated videos recorded in various environments. In addition, we considered whether manipulated MTS files edited in video editing software could be validated. Experimental results show that all unmanipulated and manipulated MTS files with known recording devices were discriminated only when all five features were checked. These results show that the proposed method verifies the integrity of MTS files, strengthening the validity of MTS file‐based evidence in trials.

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Advanced forensic procedure for the authentication of audio recordings generated by Voice Memos application of iOS14

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Forensic authentication method for audio recordings generated by Voice Recorder application on Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series

Forensic authentication method for audio recordings generated by Voice Recorder application on Samsung Galaxy Watch4 series

Toward social media forensics through development of iOS analyzers for evidence collection and analysis

Forensic integrity verification of video recordings based on MTS files

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