Advanced flame-retardant agents for protective textiles and clothing

Pandit, Pintu; Singha, Kunal; Kumar, Vikas; Maity, Subhankar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820257-9.00016-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such coatings or laminations of various agents, such as metal oxides, inorganic halides, organic compounds, and nanomaterials, are suitable for flame retardancy. Flame propagation rate, flame-retardant effectiveness, and combustion behavior depend on different materials and process parameters [2].…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Of Cotton Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the so-called technical textiles, designed for their functional properties rather than their aesthetic features, have become a revolutionary product category, providing the foundation for an entirely new variety of applications [1]. They can be utilized for various industrial sectors, also thanks to the possibility of introducing many functionalizations during the finishing step, such as water-repellent, antibacterial, or flame-retardant properties, among others [1,2]. Keeping an eye on nature and human health protection, stringent environmental restrictions and greater interest in natural resource usage have recently led to an increasing trend toward the exploitation of natural fibers in technological applications as eco-friendly options to synthetic counterparts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to Address Flame-Retardant Technology on Cotton Fabrics by Using Functional Inorganic Sol–Gel Precursors and Nanofillers: Flammability Insights, Research Advances, and Sustainability Challenges

et al. 2023

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Over the past decade, inorganic fillers and sol–gel-based flame-retardant technologies for textile treatments have gained increasing research interest as useful alternatives to hazardous chemicals previously employed in textile coating and finishing. This review presents the current state of the art of inorganic flame-retardant technology for cotton fabrics to scientists and researchers. Combustion mechanism and flammability, as well as the thermal behavior of neat cotton samples, are first introduced. The main section is focused on assessing the effect of inorganic and sol–gel-based systems on the final flame-retardant properties of cotton fabrics, emphasizing their fire safety characteristics. When compared to organic flame-retardant solutions, inorganic functional fillers have been shown to be more environmentally friendly and pollution-free since they do not emit compounds that are hazardous to ecosystems and humans when burned. Finally, some perspectives and recent advanced research addressing the potential synergism derived from the use of inorganic flame retardants with other environmentally suitable molecules toward a sustainable flame-retardant technological approach are reviewed.

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Section: Flame Retardancy Of Cotton Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Address Flame-Retardant Technology on Cotton Fabrics by Using Functional Inorganic Sol–Gel Precursors and Nanofillers: Flammability Insights, Research Advances, and Sustainability Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…Flame retardant agents used to produce flame-retardant textiles slow down the combustion process. The process is affected by the chemicals at different stages of combustion such as during heating, decomposition, ignition, and flame spread to restrain overall combustion [157].…”

Section: Fig 16 the Cycle Of Combustion For A Representative Textile ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Textiles

Chowdhury

2023

Emerging Applications of Nanomaterials

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The textile industry has been booming in recent decades due to new market explosion and consumer appeal for inventive apparel. Nanotechnology has played an exclusive role in such multifunctional high-performance textiles. Nanomaterials offer antimicrobial, flame retardance, self-cleaning, UV-protection, wrinkle-free, anti-static functionalities to textiles apart from their use for traditional aesthetic and decorative purposes. The nanoscale modified textiles offer new value-added functionalities while upgrading the existing aesthetic and physical properties. This chapter depicts an overall development on functional nanomaterials incorporated into textiles fabrics by different textile processes, featuring the aspects of nanotechnology to develop multifunctional textiles.

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“…It may be explained that organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are more multi-functional, which can act as both flame retardants and plasticizers. On the other hand, some chlorinated OPEs contain both halogens and phosphorus (e.g., tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP)), which are versatile in flame retardant action, with less odor and lower toxicity (Pandit et al 2020 ). In addition to the elimination of some traditional BFRs, the flame retardants in clothing are therefore dominated by OPFRs.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Additives On Plastic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Chemical Additives on (Micro)Plastic Fibers: Occurrence, Release, and Health Risks

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Reviews Env.Contamination (formerly:Residue Reviews)

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Plastic fibers are ubiquitous in daily life with additives incorporated to improve their performance. Only a few restrictions exist for a paucity of common additives, while most of the additives used in textile industry have not been clearly regulated with threshold limits. The production of synthetic fibers, which can shed fibrous microplastics easily (< 5 mm) through mechanical abrasion and weathering, is increasing annually. These fibrous microplastics have become the main composition of microplastics in the environment. This review focuses on additives on synthetic fibers; we summarized the detection methods of additives, compared concentrations of different additive types (plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, and surfactants) on (micro)plastic fibers, and analyzed their release and exposure pathways to environment and human beings. Our prediction shows that the amounts of predominant additives (phthalates, organophosphate esters, bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and nonylphenol ethoxylates) released from clothing microplastic fibers (MFs) are estimated to reach 35, 10, 553, 0.4, and 568 ton/year to water worldwide, respectively; and 119, 35, 1911, 1.4, and 1965 ton/year to air, respectively. Human exposure to MF additives via inhalation is estimated to be up to 4.5–6440 µg/person annually for the above five additives, and via ingestion 0.1–204 µg/person. Notably, the release of additives from face masks is nonnegligible that annual human exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from masks via inhalation is approximately 491–1820 µg/person. This review helps understand the environmental fate and potential risks of released additives from (micro)plastic fibers, with a view to providing a basis for future research and policy designation of textile additives. Graphical Abstract

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Advanced flame-retardant agents for protective textiles and clothing

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

How to Address Flame-Retardant Technology on Cotton Fabrics by Using Functional Inorganic Sol–Gel Precursors and Nanofillers: Flammability Insights, Research Advances, and Sustainability Challenges

How to Address Flame-Retardant Technology on Cotton Fabrics by Using Functional Inorganic Sol–Gel Precursors and Nanofillers: Flammability Insights, Research Advances, and Sustainability Challenges

Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Textiles

An Overview of Chemical Additives on (Micro)Plastic Fibers: Occurrence, Release, and Health Risks

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