Advanced Emission Controls and Sustainable Renewable Fuels for Low Pollutant and CO2 Emissions on a Diesel Passenger Car

Demuynck, Joachim; Dauphin, Roland; Yugo, Marta; Villafuerte, Pablo Mendoza; Bosteels, Dirk

doi:10.3390/su132212711

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the case of diesel CI engines, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) are two of the more common options for use as drop-in fuels with conventional diesel. Demuynck et al [104] have evaluated and compared various diesel/bio-diesel blends, e.g., 7% bio-diesel/ diesel (B7) and 30% FAME/diesel (B30) blends, a Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) fuel, e-diesels synthesized from captured CO2 and green H2 (i.e., hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of water using renewable energy), and even pure HVO, in terms of their carbon footprint, see Figure 1.11. As HVO is low in oxygen and aromatic compounds, and besides good combustion efficiency thereby could be expected to offer less pollutant emissions, it is a good alternative to synthetic or e-diesels.…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Design for the Improvement of SiC Field Effect Gas Sensor performance in High Temperature Process Control applications

Khajavizadeh

2023

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Design for the Improvement of SiC Field Effect Gas Sensor performance in High Temperature Process Control applications

Khajavizadeh

2023

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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“…Most of the studies confirm that HVO reduces carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matters (PM) dependent on the HVO shares in the mixture, while the effect of the HVO fuel on nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions is still not fully clear [17]. Studies concerning emission testing with HVO have been done with passenger cars [22], heavy-duty engines and city buses [23,24], tractors [25], and even underground mining machines [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As was mentioned before, HVO's effect on NO x is still unclear. For example, Demuynck [22] did not find specific fuel effects for NO x between market diesel fuel B7, diesel fuel with 30% FAME, and 100% HVO using a vehicle with an advanced emission control system and Euro 6b diesel engine, while differences explained by the impact of the driver, traffic, ambient temperature, etc. were obtained within the expected test-to-test variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Engine Performance and Emissions at Full-Load Mode Using HVO, Diesel Fuel, and HVO5

et al. 2023

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The aim of the study was to determine impact of commercially available hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and its mixture (HVO5, where 5% (v/v) HVO and 95% (v/v) FDD) with diesel fuel (FDD) on the power, torque, fuel consumption, and exhaust gas composition of an atmospheric internal combustion diesel engine used in off-road applications. Diesel fuel was used as the comparative fuel. Testing was realized in a full-load mode on the KOHLER KDI 1903 M 3-cylinder diesel engine on a SIERRA CP-Engineering engine test bench. The AVL SESAM FTIR exhaust gas analytical system was used to determine exhaust gas emissions, while the AVL KMA Mobile fuel consumption measuring device was used to measure fuel consumption. Research showed that the lowest power and torque readings were obtained with FDD, while HVO showed a slightly higher result compared to the fossil diesel fuel. At the same time, the highest hourly fuel consumption was observed running on HVO5, while the lowest was observed with FDD. Increases in carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were observed for HVO5 compared to those of FDD. The CO content in emissions increased by an average of 3.0% using HVO and by an average of 36% using HVO5, but the NOx content in the emissions increased by an average of 3.0% using HVO and by an average of 8.8% using HVO5. The reduction by an average of 60% using HVO in emissions was found in the case of hydrocarbons (HC). Research confirmed that the physicochemical properties of HVO could leave an impact on the main engine performance parameters and exhaust emissions.

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Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions

Joshi¹

2022

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This review covers advances in regulations and technologies in the past year in the field of vehicular emissions. We cover major developments towards reducing criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from both light- and heavy-duty vehicles and off-road machinery. To suggest that the transportation is transforming rapidly is an understatement, and many changes have happened already since our review last year [<span class="xref">1</span>]. Notably, the US and Europe revised the CO<sub>2</sub> standards for light-duty vehicles and electrification mandates were introduced in various regions of the world. These have accelerated plans to introduce electrified powertrains, which include hybrids and pure electric vehicles. However, a full transformation to electric vehicles and the required grid decarbonization will take time, and policy makers are accordingly also tightening criteria pollutant standards for internal combustion engines. California has published the Advanced Clean Cars II standards and Europe has held various workshops outlining the core elements of future Euro 7 regulations. These will likely be the last major regulations for criteria pollutants, and compliant vehicles will likely be zero-impact emitting, that is with tailpipe emissions at or lower than the ambient concentrations. Meeting these regulations will require adoption of several advanced engine and emission control technologies which we discuss here. Emphasis will be on reducing cold start emissions, likely requiring active thermal management strategies. The challenge will be to lower criteria pollutants while also reducing fuel consumption, and we review some approaches being considered. The story is similar for heavy-duty vehicles, where meeting California’s Low NOx regulations and Euro VII scenarios require significantly improved engine controls and after-treatment systems. New system solutions and hardware additions show a pathway to meeting the regulations, although we caution that much more work is needed ahead to achieve the reductions over extended durability limits and with healthy engineering margins. We also review the impact of alternative fuels on reducing well-to-wheels (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions, along with recommendations to continue improving market fuel quality to reduce negative impact on criteria pollutants. Finally, while this paper does not intend to provide a detailed review of battery electric or fuel cell vehicle technology, we touch upon a few studies which discuss the outlook of powertrain diversification from a total cost of ownership and greenhouse gas reduction perspective.</div></div>

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Advanced Emission Controls and Sustainable Renewable Fuels for Low Pollutant and CO2 Emissions on a Diesel Passenger Car

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Materials Design for the Improvement of SiC Field Effect Gas Sensor performance in High Temperature Process Control applications

Materials Design for the Improvement of SiC Field Effect Gas Sensor performance in High Temperature Process Control applications

Studies of Engine Performance and Emissions at Full-Load Mode Using HVO, Diesel Fuel, and HVO5

Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions

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