Advanced electrodes for AMTEC

Fiebig, B.; Schüller, Michael; Ryan, M. A.; Williams, Roger; Hudson, P.N.

doi:10.1063/1.57524

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This should involve with materials, geometrical optimization, and a proper vacuum level of AMTECs' cathode side. Desirable electrode properties include [4,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Desirable Electrode Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) is one of the most promising technologies for direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity and has been receiving attention in the field of energy conversion and utilization in the past several decades. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the research and development of the AMTEC, including its working principles and types, historical development and applications, analytical models, working fluids, electrode materials, as well as the performance and efficiency improvement. The current two major problems encountered by the AMTEC, the time-dependent power degradation and relatively low efficiency compared to its theoretical value, are discussed in depth. In addition, a brief comparison of the AMTEC with other direct thermal to electric converters (DTECs), such as the thermoelectrics converter (TEC), thermionics converter, and thermophotovoltaics converter, is given, and combinations of different DTECs to further improve DTECs' power generation and overall conversion efficiency are demonstrated. Future research and development directions and the issues that need to be further investigated are also suggested. It is believed that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to the design, simulation, analysis, performance assessment, and applications of various types of AMTECs.

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Section: Desirable Electrode Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…Desirable electrodes properties include (Asakami et al 1990, Fang and Knödler 1992, Fiebig et al 1999, Williams et al 1986and 1990a: Refractory electrode materials such as TiB 2 , TiC and NbN offer many of these properties. Molybdenum electrodes have also some attractive characteristics for use in sodium-and potassium-AMTECs, particularly, the enhanced ionic and electronic conductivities of the molybdate compound.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Amtec Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, Integrated Reactor / Power Conversion System (LMR-AMTEC)

Rubiolo¹,

Investigator²

2003

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The main features of this project were the development of a long life (up to 10 years) Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) and a static conversion subsystem comprising an Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric (AMTEC) topping cycle and a ThermoElectric (TE) Bottom cycle. Various coupling options of the LMR with the energy conversion subsystem were explored and, base in the performances found in this analysis, an Indirect Coupling (IC) between the LMR and the AMTEC/TE converters with Alkali Metal Boilers (AMB) was chosen as the reference design. The performance model of the fully integrated sodium-and potassium-AMTEC/TE converters shows that a combined conversion efficiency in excess of 30% could be achieved by the plant. [ This page intentionally blank ] 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe overall objectives of this project were to assess the feasibility, develop a conceptual plant layout and engineering solutions, and determine a range of potential applications for a Novel Integrated Reactor/Energy Conversion System. The goal was to design a proliferation resistant, reliable and economical power supply for use by developing countries and in remote locations. The main features of this project were the development of a long life (up to 10 years) Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) and a static conversion subsystem comprising an Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric (AMTEC) topping cycle and a ThermoElectric (TE) Bottom cycle. Furthermore, various coupling options of the LMR with the energy conversion subsystem were explored.The project was performed by the Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (WEC), which was responsible for the long-life sodium reactor development, the University of New Mexico's Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies (UNM-ISNPS), which was responsible for developing the AMTEC/TE energy conversion system and designing the electric converter modules, and the Institute for Engineering Research and Applications (IERA) at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, which was responsible for supporting Westinghouse's activities related t o the transport safety and waste disposal.The work performed by Westinghouse Electric Company LLC on the reactor design and coupling with the conversion modules included three major areas:1-Selection of the reference LMR-AMTEC design concept Different design options were evaluated using a plant model. An Indirect Coupling (IC) plant with Alkali Metal Boilers (AMB) (see Figure 1) was chosen as the reference design as it exhibited the best performance. The main features of the design are:• IC between the LMR and the AMTEC units: two independent loops are employed.• Sodium and potassium are used as primary and secondary coolants, respectively.• The net plant efficiency is 28.2% when the core outlet temperature is 1070 K.• The LMR core is composed of 78 fuel elements and 78 reflector elements. The fuel is (U,Pu)N and the cladding is made of the refractory alloy Nb-1Zr.• The AMBs generate the potassium vapor, which is fed into the AMTEC units. TheAMBs can operate in once-through or in recirculat...

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Performance analyses of an Nb–1Zr/C-103 vapor anode multi-tube alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion cell

El‐Genk¹,

King²

2001

Energy Conversion and Management

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Advanced electrodes for AMTEC

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Novel, Integrated Reactor / Power Conversion System (LMR-AMTEC)

Performance analyses of an Nb–1Zr/C-103 vapor anode multi-tube alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion cell

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