Advanced drug delivery nanosystems (aDDnSs): a mini-review

Abstract

Significant progress has been made in nanoscale drugs and delivery systems employing diverse chemical formulations to facilitate the rate of drug delivery and to improve its pharmacokinetics. Biocompatible nanomaterials have been used as biological markers, contrast agents for imaging, healthcare products, pharmaceuticals, drug-delivery systems as well as in detection, diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases. The classification of drug delivery nanosystems (DDnSs) is a crucial issue and fundamental efforts on this subject are missing from the literature. This article deals with the classification of DDnSs with a modulatory controlled release profile (MCR) denoted as modulatory controlled release nanosystems (MCRnSs). Conventional (c) and advanced (a) DDnSs are denoted by the acronyms cDDnSs and aDDnSs, and can be composed of a single or more than one biomaterials, respectively. The classification was based on their characteristics such as: surface functionality (f), the nature of biomaterials used and the kind of interactions between biomaterials. The aDDnSs can be classified as hybridic (Hy-) or chimeric (Chi-) based on the nature -same or different respectively -of biomaterials and inorganic materials used. The nature of the elements used for producing advanced biomaterials is of great importance and medicinal chemistry contributes effectively to the production of aDDnSs.

Bile salts-containing vesicles: promising pharmaceutical carriers for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and peptide/protein-based therapeutics or vaccines

“…Furthermore, the progress in biotechnological engineering has led to the evolvement of new biological-based therapeutics and vaccines that are usually characterized by limited ability to cross cell membranes accompanied by poor in vivo performance due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (Boyd, 2008;Li et al, 2012). Different strategies that include encapsulating therapeutic agents or vaccines into nano-colloidal delivery systems (polymeric or lipid-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, mixed micelles and vesicular structures) have been adopted by researchers to cope with impediments associated with delivering these challenging agents to specific target tissues (Malik et al, 2007;Tiwari et al, 2010;Li et al, 2012;Gupta et al, 2013;Demetzos & Pippa, 2014). Among different classes of colloidal systems, vesicular carriers have gained particular attention in delivering poorly soluble drugs and proteins/ peptides (Torchilin, 2005).…”

Antibody-drug conjugates: a mini-review. The synopsis of two approved medicines

“…Taking as a starting point to our note, the recent trends in bibliography, pharmaceutical nanotechnology, which is the best approach for developing innovative drugs and drug carriers, can provide challenges for producing bioinspired and self-assembled nanostructures that can be termed as advanced Drug Delivery nano Systems (aDDnSs). Systems Modulating Adverse Reactions and Toxicity or Systems More Able to Reach the Target site (SMART) nanodevices are composed of soft bionanomaterials and are characterized as chimeric or hybrid (Al-Jamal, 2013;Grainger, 2013;Kirsh et al, 2013;Lammers, 2013;Mastrobattista, 2013;Demetzos & Pippa, 2014).…”

Molecular imprinted polymers as drug delivery vehicles

“…Therefore, numerous reports aiming to cater the needs of polymeric nano-sized DD materials which could accommodate small and larger drug molecules facilitating easy release of intended drugs have been adapted and employed. (Gaspar & Duncan, 2009;De Souza et al, 2010;Veiseh et al, 2010;Tiwari et al, 2012;Demetzos & Pippa, 2014). Moreover, a review discussing a new type of microelectrochemical system or MEMS-based DDS called microchip (implantable microchip) has been published recently.…”