Advanced Diagnostic Approaches and Current Management of Avian Hepatic Disorders

Grunkemeyer, Vanessa L.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.05.005

Cited by 38 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…High AST levels may be related to hepatocyte membrane damage and lesions in bile ducts. However, generation of AST from other tissues, such as muscles, must be considered (Tennant and Center, 2008;Grunkemeyer, 2010;Attia et al, 2017a). High environment temperatures may have affected these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the highest levels of GGT observed in birds of the diet group with lemon grass essential oil (Table 4) may be associated with liver lesions. Gamma-glutamyl transferase is a primary marker for hepatobiliary diseases and can be indicative of intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cholelithiasis (Tennant and Center, 2008;Grunkemeyer, 2010). The effect of essential oils on the hepatic function of broilers is variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochemical profile results from a study on the association between hepatic lesions and alterations of hepatic enzymes such as GGT may indicate a loss in the synthesis capacity of the liver or hepatocellular damage, which reflects the ability of the liver to employ proper metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates (Grunkemeyer, 2010). The author also notes that GGT changes are nonspecific and may be observed in association with various liver changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blood parameters and hepatic histopathology of broilers fed rations supplemented with essential oils

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to evaluate the hematological profile, hepatic function, and histopathology of mixed-sex broilers fed rations supplemented with microencapsulated essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemon grass) and Lippia rotundifolia (chá-de-pedestre). One hundred and fifty Cobb chicks were housed in cages from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design, with six replicates with five chickens in each of five treatments (150 total chicks): basal diet without antibiotic growth promoter (negative control), diet with enramicina and salinomycin (positive control), diet with lemon grass essential oil, diet with L. rotundifolia essential oil, and diet with a mixture of lemon grass and L. rotundifolia essential oils. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly lower in untreated broilers (negative control group). Gender was not associated with erythrogram values, but aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) was higher in females. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was higher in chicks in the group that received rations with lemon grass oil. Broilers that received L. rotundifolia oil developed more hepatic lesions, although no effect of sex was observed related to the lesion score. Biliary hyperplasia and fibroplasias were observed in all groups, with higher histopathology scores in broilers that received diets containing L. rotundifolia oil. Mixed-sex broilers fed rations supplemented with lemon grass and L. rotundifolia essential oils have normal complete blood counts and unspecific hepatic lesions and are characterized by lipidosis, hyperplasia of the bile ducts, and fibroplasia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood parameters and hepatic histopathology of broilers fed rations supplemented with essential oils

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seric levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, uric acid, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were assessed using a semi-automated analyzer (Bioplus 2000 ® ), and used specific kits catabolismo de los aminoácidos y en el transporte de nitrógeno entre los órganos (5). En este sentido, la actividad de la ALT es un indicador de lesiones hepáticas y musculares, en especial cuando aumenta significativamente (6). Otros metabolitos relevantes que se pueden evaluar son los niveles de proteína total, albúmina y globulina, proteínas que pueden ser influenciadas por el tipo de dieta y el sistema de creación, así como por las diferentes enfermedades infecciosas debido a la participación de las globulinas en la respuesta inflamatoria (2,7).…”

Section: Materiail and Methodsunclassified

Influence of gastrointestinal parasitism on biochemical variables in blood of laying hens

Topazio¹,

Campigotto²,

Boiago³

et al. 2015

Rev MVZ Córdoba

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. This study describes the influence of endoparasites and diet on biochemical variables in sera of brown laying hens. Materials and methods. Biochemical parameters (seric levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, uric acid, albumin, and alanine aminotransferase activity) were assessed in blood samples of poultry. Three populations of laying hens of different properties (n=20 each) represented our experimental design, from which blood (serum) and feces were collected for biochemical and parasitological analyzes, respectively. Results. From 60 feces samples evaluated 49 were positive for the presence of parasites and 11 were negative. Among the positive samples, 23 had infection with Eimeria spp and the other 26 samples had mixed parasitism with Eimeria spp and Heterakis gallinarum, which influenced (increasing) the levels of total protein and globulin. However, when parasites were analyzed separately, it was observed that the infection by Eimeria spp affected parameters such as cholesterol (which increased, p=0.001) and triglycerides, showing lower results than when the hen was parasitized by Eimeria spp. (p=0.01). Significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in all biochemical variables when the three diets were compared. Conclusions. Our results allowed concluding that the parasitic infection and diet in laying hens influenced the results of serum biochemical parameters evaluated. The main conclusion we found that parasitism caused an increase in total protein and globulin (ie immune response), and there was a negative correlation between parasite load and albumin, uric acid and ALT. RESUMENObjetivo. Este estudio describe la influencia de la dieta sobre los endoparásitos y variables bioquímicas en el suero de las gallinas ponedoras marrones. Materiales y métodos. Los parámetros bioquímicos (niveles séricos de colesterol, triglicéridos, proteínas totales, ácido úrico, albúmina, y la actividad de la alanina aminotransferasa) se evaluaron en muestras de sangre de las aves de corral. Tres 4865 poblaciones de gallinas ponedoras de distintas propiedades (n=20 cada uno) representan nuestro diseño experimental, de la que se recogieron la sangre (suero) y las heces de bioquímica y análisis parasitológico, respectivamente. Resultados. De 60 muestras de heces evaluadas, 49 fueron positivos para la presencia de parásitos y 11 fueron negativos. Entre las muestras positivas, 23 tenían infección con Eimeria spp y las otras 26 muestras tenían parasitismo mezclado con Eimeria spp y Heterakis gallinarum, que influyó (aumentando) los niveles de proteína total y globulina. Sin embargo, cuando se analizaron por separado los parásitos, se observó que la infección por Eimeria spp afectó parámetros tales como el colesterol (el cual se incrementó p=0.001) y los triglicéridos, que mostraron resultados más bajos que cuando las gallinas fueron parasitadas por Eimeria spp. (p=0.01). Se observó diferencia (p<0.05) en todas las variables bioquímicas, cuando se compararon las tres dietas. Conclusiones. Nuestros re...

show abstract

“…Many bacteria can cause hepatitis in birds including Borrelia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, Pasteurella (Gerlach, 1994). Clinical signs may indicate liver disease which can be confirmed by liver functional tests and histologic examination of a liver biopsy (Grunkemeyer, 2010). However, the aetiology for many liver diseases cannot be determined.…”

Section: Liver Diseases In Laying Hensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Field and experimental investigations were conducted to study the fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The main goal of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of this non-infectious disease. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, subsequent liver rupture, haemorrhage and sudden death of hens. It has been shown that the balance between hepatic synthesis and secretion of lipids is the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fat deposition in hens. Liver fat accumulation can be increased by many factors, especially nutrition, housing conditions, and inflammatory challenges. A description of normal and abnormal lipid metabolism in the hen, and consequences for hen health and disease (including FLHS) is given in the literature review (Chapter 2).The initial study examined mortality of layer flocks kept in three different housing systems (cage, barn and free range) on the Gatton Campus, University of Queensland (Chapter 4). It was shown that there were no significant differences in mortality rates of hens (6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, for cages, barns and free range, respectively) between the housing systems but the causes of death were different. The most common cause of death in hens kept in cages was FLHS with 74% of dead hens dying from the condition. In contrast, FLHS only accounted for 0 to 5% of hen mortality in the other systems. Post-mortem of dead hens and body weight monitoring of flocks throughout the laying cycle were recommended as tools to predict FLHS.An epidemiological survey (Chapter 5) of caged flocks in South-Eastern Queensland was undertaken to explore the prevalence of FLHS in commercial layer flocks. From necropsies of dead birds from 7 flocks of different ages, it was found that approximately 40% of hens died due to FLHS. This result indicated that FLHS continues to be the major cause of mortality in commercial caged laying hens kept in either controlled environment sheds or naturally ventilated sheds. As part of the epidemiological study, a questionnaire was circulated among farms and the responses revealed that there is a general lack of knowledge of FLHS in the industry.The study of the pathogenesis of FLHS is very difficult as it occurs sporadically and over an extended period of time in the field. In the studies in Chapter 6, an oestradiol (E 2 ) hen model was used to study the condition. The administration of exogenous E 2 reproduced the disease in 30 wk old laying hens, and was associated with significant changes in E 2 plasma levels and metabolic iv profiles, increased liver weights, and macroscopic (fat depositions, haemorrhages and haematomas) and microscopic alterations. Hens exposed to E 2 and fed ad libitum diet experienced severe FLHS and had a higher incidence of FLHS than hens that had their feed intake restricted by 10%. One interesting observation from this study (not reported from other investigators) was the alteration of total leukocyte n...

show abstract

Advanced Diagnostic Approaches and Current Management of Avian Hepatic Disorders

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Blood parameters and hepatic histopathology of broilers fed rations supplemented with essential oils

Blood parameters and hepatic histopathology of broilers fed rations supplemented with essential oils

Influence of gastrointestinal parasitism on biochemical variables in blood of laying hens

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About