Advanced design of valve-regulated lead–acid battery for hybrid electric vehicles

Lam, L.T.; Newnham, R.H.; Özgün, Hale; Fleming, F.A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00515-7

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is no significant decrease in the iron concentration when the pH varies from 3.8 to 5.4. And higher pH is not beneficial to the recoveries of Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ , because Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ will precipitate in the forms of Pb(OH) 2 and Mn(OH) 2 , respectively, misreporting in residue at higher pH. 3.1.2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄

Qin

Jiao

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper presents the results of investigation on simultaneous leaching of galena concentrate and pyrolusite in acid medium. It has been confirmed that the leached products as the raw materialsPbCl 2 , MnCl 2 for the PbSO 4 and Mn 3 O 4 preparations could be obtained during the leaching processes. Special emphasizes are placed on the purification of the simultaneous leaching solution including removals of Fe 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , and preparations. The factors affecting the purification, such as pH, temperature, agitation rate, and dosages of Cl − and Na 2 S are investigated in leaching cells. The results show that, at appropriate conditions, iron is removed in the form of FeOOH, Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ are vulcanized by Na 2 S, and Ca 2+ is removed in the form of CaF 2 precipitation. After purification and crystallizing-out of PbCl 2 (97.17%), the effects of pH, temperature, reaction time, concentration, stirring rate, and drying methods on preparations are examined. The mechanisms are addressed by theoretical calculations and experiments. The results indicate that the content of PbSO 4 is 99.46% characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, and SEM. The purity of Mn 3 O 4 is identified by TG-DSC, chemical analysis, and XRD, and the Mn in the Mn 3 O 4 product accounts for 71.7%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄

Qin

Jiao

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The chronoamperometric curves were integrated by using the Origin software to get the quantity of electricity Q of the double layer after the quantity of electricity of Faraday corresponding to the electrochemical reaction was deducted. The capacitance of the double layer was figured out according to formula (1). The real surface areas S can be further obtained as the average results of the triplicate experiments with multiple pieces of the electrodes according to formula (2).…”

Section: The Measurement Of Real Surface Areas Of Different Negative mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are being developed all over the world in order to solve the severe environmental problems and to cope with energy crises [1]. Fast charge is required for the batteries applied in electric vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of influence of lead foam as negative electrode current collector material on VRLA battery charge performance

Dai

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2006

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Most of the traditional valveregulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are automotive starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) batteries, which are usually operated in shallow charge/discharge cycles. Recently, lead-acid battery has attracted considerable attentions for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and energy storage applications because of low initial cost, simplicity of design, reliability and relative safety, and high recycling efficiency [5][6][7][8]. However, the cycle life of VRLA batteries under such applications has been found to be much shorter than the design life [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Science Bulletin

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Advanced design of valve-regulated lead–acid battery for hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄

Study of influence of lead foam as negative electrode current collector material on VRLA battery charge performance

Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries

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Advanced design of valve-regulated lead–acid battery for hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO4 and Mn3O4

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO4 and Mn3O4

Study of influence of lead foam as negative electrode current collector material on VRLA battery charge performance

Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄

Purification of Leachate from Simultaneous Leaching of Galena Concentrate and Pyrolusite and Preparation of PbSO₄ and Mn₃O₄