Advanced classification of converter control concepts for integration in electrical power systems

Henninger, Stefan K.; Jaeger, Johann

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106210

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to our system, the current inner loop control for the direct and quadrature components has the same dynamics to utilize the fast response. The PI controller regulates error results [29]. The two voltages ( * ) and ( * ) which are described in (20), are calculated as below:…”

Section: Machine Side Converter (Msc) Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-connected control of PV-Wind hybrid energy system

Azoug

Belmili

Fekkak

2021

IJPEDS

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Article history: Received Oct 14, 2020 Revised Mar 22, 2021 Accepted Apr 23, 2021 This paper presented a strategy for modeling, simulation and control of a hybrid grid connected power system which is in fact a rather complex system. In this work, we study how to use two renewable energies in an efficient manner without any disturbing of the main network. Our hybrid energy system (HES) is composed by two renewable energy sources, the photovoltaic source and wind source. It is better for these two systems to work at their maximum power in order to return the investment cost of the system. The proposed solution is to connect those generators to the electrical grid via the AC bus with trackers. Where the photovoltaic generator (PVG) is followed by a DC/DC boost converter, controlled by a perturb and observe (P&O) tracker, then followed by a three-phase voltage inverter (3-ph-VSI) which is controlled by the watt-var decoupled method. The wind system is based on permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) which is used as a variable speed generator and directly connected to the turbine (without gearbox) followed by back-to-back converters. The grid side converter (GSC) allows us to control the DC bus voltage and unity power factor, while the machine side converter (MSC) ensures us to control the PMSM speed. Knowing that pitch angle control is not considered in our study. The MPPT control strategy, which is based on the optimum peak speed ratio (OTSR), is used to ensure the most energy efficiency despite variations in wind speed. The coupling of the two systems is done via the Point of Common Collecting (PCC). Finally, simulation results show the feasibility of our solution and the good performances of the proposed control strategy, applied for mediumsized HES in power generation. They also demonstrate that such system topology is very advantageous.

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Section: Machine Side Converter (Msc) Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-connected control of PV-Wind hybrid energy system

Azoug

Belmili

Fekkak

2021

IJPEDS

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“…The essential function of VSC lies in converting DC power into AC active power for integration into the grid, and vice versa, depending on the direction of power flow. Furthermore, there are two sub-classes of VSC operational control strategies: One is the commonly known current controlled source (CCS) behaving as a current source, identified as GFL [17,18], and the other is the controlled voltage source (CVS) behaving as a voltage source and is recently called GFM [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid‐forming control for inverter‐based resources in power systems: A review on its operation, system stability, and prospective

Khan,

Wu,

2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

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The increasing integration of inverter based resources (IBR) in the power system has a significant multi‐faceted impact on the power system operation and stability. Various control approaches are proposed for IBRs, broadly categorized into grid‐following and grid‐forming (GFM) control strategies. While the GFL has been in operation for some time, the relatively new GFMs are rarely deployed in the IBRs. This article aims to provide an understanding of the working principles and distinguish between these two control strategies. A survey of the recent GFM control approaches is also delivered here, expanding the existing classification. It also explores the role of GFM control and its types in power system dynamics and stability like voltage, frequency etc. Practical insight into these stabilities is provided using case studies, making this review article unique in its comprehensive approach. Lacking elsewhere, the GFMs' real‐world demonstrations and their applications in several IBRs like wind farms, photovoltaic power generation stations etc., are also analyzed. Finally, the research gaps are identified, and the prospect of GFM is presented based on the system needs, informed by GFM real‐world projects. This work is a potential road map for the GFM large‐scale deployment in the decarbonized IBR‐based bulk power system.

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“…To emphasize the different control strategies involved, Figure 1 illustrates only one option. For a more comprehensive understanding of these concepts, please refer to [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and Evaluating the Operating Region of a Grid-Connected Current Source Inverter from Its Mathematical Model

Baier,

Melin,

Torres

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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Grid-connected power inverters are indispensable in modern electrical systems, playing a pivotal role in enhancing the integration of renewable energies into power grids. Their significance, primarily when functioning as grid-forming inverters, extends to maintaining the grid’s inertia and strength—a distinct advancement over traditional grid-following operations. As grid-forming inverters, these devices emulate the characteristics of synchronous generators and can act as robust voltage sources, providing essential ancillary services. This behavior is particularly relevant when integrating energy storage systems on the converters’ direct current side. Among the various inverter topologies, the current source inverter (CSI) has emerged as a promising yet underexplored alternative for grid-forming applications. CSIs, when paired with their AC output filters, can effectively operate as voltage sources, utilizing control strategies that facilitate the integration of renewable energies into the electrical system. Their design inherently manages output current fluctuations, reducing the need for restrictive current limitations or additional protective measures. This paper examines the operational region of CSIs, obtained through detailed modeling, to explore their advantages, challenges, and potential for enhancing grid-connected systems. Analyzing the operating region from the converter model verifies the limits of where the converter can operate in a plane of active and reactive powers. For a small prototype model operating with 7 amperes in DC and 120 V in AC, it is possible to supply or absorb active power exceeding 1000 W and manage maximum reactive power values around 500 VAr, as determined by its operating region. Simulations also confirm that small changes in the control reference, as little as 5%, towards the region’s right limits cause significant oscillations in the dynamic control responses. This research aims to deepen our understanding of CSIs’ operational capabilities and highlight their unique benefits in advancing grid-connected systems and promoting the integration of renewable energy using this technology.

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Advanced classification of converter control concepts for integration in electrical power systems

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Grid-connected control of PV-Wind hybrid energy system

Grid-connected control of PV-Wind hybrid energy system

Grid‐forming control for inverter‐based resources in power systems: A review on its operation, system stability, and prospective

Developing and Evaluating the Operating Region of a Grid-Connected Current Source Inverter from Its Mathematical Model

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