Advanced Characterization Techniques for Overcoming Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

Abstract

drastically improved between 1st and 3rd generations, showing decreasing the cost of manufacturing while maintaining power efficiency. [2] More recently, highefficiency and low-cost hybrid organicinorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as the most promising light absorber for the new generation of photovoltaics replacing commercially dominant polycrystalline silicon materials. [3][4][5][6][7][8] After demonstrating solid-state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2012, [9] the volume of research for PSC has massively increased. Consequently, power conversion efficiency of PSCs has rapidly developed, currently exceeding 25%, surpassing Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), and approaching to single crystalline silicon solar cells.

Understanding Differences in the Crystallization Kinetics between One‐Step Slot‐Die Coating and Spin Coating of MAPbI3 Using Multimodal In Situ Optical Spectroscopy

“…[8,11,12] Thus, numerous works investigated the perovskite formation process using in situ characterization methods. [6,[13][14][15][16][17][18] Besides scattering techniques, [19][20][21][22][23][24] also optical spectroscopy, [25][26][27][28] with, e.g., absorption…”

Analysis of misidentifications in TEM characterisation of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite material

“…9 Unfortunately, the extreme sensitivity of OIHPs to electron beam irradiation inhibits us from obtaining the real structure of perovskite. [10][11][12][13] For example, the best-known MAPbI 3 perovskite (Figures 1A, B)…”

“…In terms of structural characterisation and phase identification of perovskite materials, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is considered to be the powerful characterisation tool and has been widely used in these fields 9 . Unfortunately, the extreme sensitivity of OIHPs to electron beam irradiation inhibits us from obtaining the real structure of perovskite 10–13 . For example, the best‐known MAPbI 3 perovskite (Figures 1A, B) begins to decompose into PbI 2 and Pb under 150 eÅ −2 total dose irradiation 14 .…”

Toward Understanding Chalcopyrite Solar Cells via Advanced Characterization Techniques

“…[51,52] GI-WAXS is a common technique used to explore the crystal ordering of samples in reciprocal space (i.e., Fourier space), providing information about the amount, size, and orientation of the crystals. [53][54][55][56] The high flux of synchrotron radiation provides sufficient scattering to enable sophisticated experimental setups with complicated optical geometries. In general, the grazing angle (α) is larger than the critical angle so that the X-rays can penetrate the entire film to increase the scattering volume, with the scattering profile representing the crystal structure of the entire film.…”