Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries using nanoarchitectonics

Abstract

Nanostructured cathode materials with different dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), morphologies (hollow, core–shell, etc.), and composites (mainly graphene-based composites) are highlighted, aiming to unravel the opportunities for the development of future-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Gadolinium/chloride co-doping of lithium vanadium phosphate cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…for V 3+ and Cl − for PO 4 3− did not destroy the structure stability of LVP largely, so it had little effect on the particle morphology [35].…”

“…The changes in Table 1 and Fig. 2(c) caused by the content of Cl − may originate from Cl − influencing the electronic cloud of PO 4 3− [35]. Therefore, Cl − has been doped into the LVP matrix, which may influence its electronic performance.…”

“…As a result, Li + batteries are viewed as crucial power sources in a wide variety of applications like electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles [1][2][3][4][5]. Tremendous effort has been dedicated to the development of novel materials with great safety and excellent electrochemical performance for use in Li + batteries [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…It has been reported that Cl − is doped into the matrix of LVP and results in an inductive effect in the lattice. Meanwhile, substitution of PO 4 3− with F − can improve the cycling stability and high rate capability of LVP because F − catalyzes particle growth [30]. Overall, the major advantage of cation doping is that it increases electronic conductivity, and that of anion doping is improved performance at large current density.…”

Challenges and perspectives for manganese‐based oxides for advanced aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

“…One effective method to solve this problem is to build a hierarchy. Addition to maintaining the advantages of 2D nanomaterials, the hierarchical structure with 2D nanomaterials as a unit can also obtain other structural characteristics at different scales, such as large size, high porosity, remarkable specific surface area and excellent permeability . Inspired by this, Liang et al reported Mn 3 O 4 flowers, which delivered higher specific capacity of 296 mA h/g and excellent cycle stability without capacity fading after 500 cycles (Figure D).…”