Advanced Carbon Materials

Inagaki, Michio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385469-8.00002-2

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The multisheet nanotubes consist of several graphene sheets wound concentrically with a spacing between two sheets of approximately 3.6 Å, slightly greater than the spacing between two sheets in graphite. The diameter of the nanotubes varies, depending on the number of sheets, from 1 to 50 nm, and their lengths can reach 1 µm [43,105,[108][109][110]. SWCNTs consist of a graphene sheet wound on itself, and they form a tube whose diameter is between 0.4 and 3 nm.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Porous Carbon for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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Porous materials constitute an attractive research field due to their high specific surfaces; high chemical stabilities; abundant pores; special electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties; and their often higher reactivities. These materials are currently generating a great deal of enthusiasm, and they have been used in large and diverse applications, such as those relating to sensors and biosensors, catalysis and biocatalysis, separation and purification techniques, acoustic and electrical insulation, transport gas or charged species, drug delivery, and electrochemistry. Porous carbons are an important class of porous materials that have grown rapidly in recent years. They have the advantages of a tunable pore structure, good physical and chemical stability, a variable specific surface, and the possibility of easy functionalization. This gives them new properties and allows them to improve their performance for a given application. This review paper intends to understand how porous carbons involve the removal of pollutants from water, e.g., heavy metal ions, dyes, and organic or inorganic molecules. First, a general overview description of the different precursors and the manufacturing methods of porous carbons is illustrated. The second part is devoted to reporting some applications such using porous carbon materials as an adsorbent. It appears that the use of porous materials at different scales for these applications is very promising for wastewater treatment industries.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Porous Carbon for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Hybridized bonds are mixtures Both diamond and graphite also exist in two minor crystallographic forms: Hexagonal diamond and rhombohedral graphite. Experimentally observed crystal structures in graphite are commonly the AB hexagonal 2H (two hexagonal layers) structure and the ABC rhombohedral 3R (three rhombohedral layers) structure [17,18], as shown in Figure 4. Both hexagonal and rhombohedral structures were identified in spheroidal graphite in cast iron [19,20].…”

Section: The Crystal Lattice Of Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystal lattice of allotropes of graphite: (a) Hexagonal graphite; lattice parameters ao = 0.2462 nm, co = 0.6708 nm; (b) rhombohedral system; lattice parameters: ao = 0.3635 nm, α = 39.49°; hexagonal system lattice parameters: ao = 0.2462 nm, co = 1.0062 nm; adapted after[18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Understanding Nucleation and Crystallization of Spheroidal Graphite in Iron-Carbon-Silicon Alloys

Stefanescu

Alonso

Súarez

2020

Metals

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The last decade has witnessed significant research efforts directed to the understanding of nucleation and crystallization of graphite and associated solidification phenomena, driven in part by the ever-growing interest in the use of spheroidal graphite cast iron in the manufacture of large castings, such as wind turbine parts. These applications raised new challenges to the production of sound castings, mostly because of the exceedingly long solidification times imposed by the size of the castings. These solidification conditions resulted in many instances in graphite degeneration with subsequent decrease in mechanical properties. Obviously, the subject of graphite nucleation and crystallization in cast iron is still in need of additional answers. Over the years, many reviews of the subject have been published. The goal of this paper is to provide an update on the advances achieved in comprehending the mechanisms that govern the nucleation and crystallization of spheroidal graphite and related imperfect morphologies from iron-carbon-silicon melts. In this analysis, we examine not only the crystallization of graphite in cast iron, but also that of metamorphic graphite (natural graphite formed through transformation by heat, pressure, or other natural actions), and of other materials with similar lattice structure and crystallization morphologies.

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“…and chemical activation using H 3 PO 4 , ZNCl 2 , KOH, etc. (Inagaki, 2013). During the gas activation process, the size of the pores changes from micropores to mesopores and finally become macropores.…”

Section: Activated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the gas activation process, the size of the pores changes from micropores to mesopores and finally become macropores. Figure 2 shows the changes in pore size during air activation of glass-like carbon spheres (Adapted from references Inagaki, 2013 andInagaki et al, 2006).…”

Section: Activated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process of Activated Carbon form Coconut Shells Through Chemical Activation

et al. 2020

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Carbon or charcoal can be made from biomass or cellulose-containing materials such as coconut shells or candlenut shells using a thermal process. One of the thermal process is pyrolysis, which in this process, the material is converted to carbon. The results of pyrolysis are in the form of three types of products namely solids (charcoal / carbon), gas (fuel gas) and liquid (bio-oil). Other products are gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and some gases that have small contents. In general, the pyrolysis process takes place at temperatures above 300 ° C within 4-7 hours. Carbonized carbon or pyrolysis does not have a large adsorption capacity because the pore structure does not develop, so it is need activation process. One way to activate carbon is chemical activation. There is a need to know the best material for activating carbon through chemical process. This article aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various types of chemical activation and to determine the promising chemical for activation. From various methods of chemical activation, the activator that promises to make activated carbon is Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) because it can produce activated carbon which has a maximum micropore at operating conditions <450oC with a weight percent ratio between activator and sample around 29 - 52%.

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Advanced Carbon Materials

Cited by 14 publications

References 141 publications

Current State of Porous Carbon for Wastewater Treatment

Current State of Porous Carbon for Wastewater Treatment

Recent Developments in Understanding Nucleation and Crystallization of Spheroidal Graphite in Iron-Carbon-Silicon Alloys

Process of Activated Carbon form Coconut Shells Through Chemical Activation

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