Advanced Brain Tumour Segmentation from MRI Images

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used medical technology for diagnosis of various tissue abnormalities, detection of tumors. The active development in the computerized medical image segmentation has played a vital role in scientific research. This helps the doctors to take necessary treatment in an easy manner with fast decision making. Brain tumor segmentation is a hot point in the research field of Information technology with biomedical engineering. The brain tumor segmentation is motivated by assessing tumor growth, treatment responses, computer-based surgery, treatment of radiation therapy, and developing tumor growth models. Therefore, computer-aided diagnostic system is meaningful in medical treatments to reducing the workload of doctors and giving the accurate results. This chapter explains the causes, awareness of brain tumor segmentation and its classification, MRI scanning process and its operation, brain tumor classifications, and different segmentation methodologies.

A Survey of Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification Algorithms

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a brain generates several 3-dimensional image data that comprise the three anatomical views of a brain (axial, sagittal, and coronal) at different depths of a brain. Depending on the strength of the magnetic field and the sampling protocols, the image quality, slice thickness, and inter-slice gap vary [21,22].…”

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a brain generates several 3-dimensional image data that comprise the three anatomical views of a brain (axial, sagittal, and coronal) at different depths of a brain. Depending on the strength of the magnetic field and the sampling protocols, the image quality, slice thickness, and inter-slice gap vary [ 21 , 22 ]. During MR imaging, a patient lay in a strong magnetic field, almost 10,000 times stronger than the earth’s magnetic field, that forces the protons in the water molecule of the body to align in either a parallel (low energy) or anti-parallel (high energy) orientation with the magnetic field.…”

“…When a radiofrequency pulse pauses, the protons return to an equilibrium state and produce a sinusoidal signal at a frequency dependent on the local magnetic field. Finally, a radio antenna within the scanner detects the sinusoidal signal and creates the image [ 22 , 23 ]. The amount of signal produced by specific tissue types is determined by their number of mobile hydrogen protons, the speed at which they are moving, the time needed for the protons within the tissue to return to their original state of magnetization (T1), and the time required for the protons perturbed into coherent oscillation by the radiofrequency pulse to lose their coherence (T2) relaxation times.…”

Development of a Convolutional Neural Network Model for Brain Abnormality Classification

“…Nervous system and brain cancer is mentioned as the 10th leading cause for the deaths worldwide [4]. The survival rate of the people with the brain cancer in last five years is the 34% for men and 36% women [5]. However, human interpretation of this may leads to false identification of brain tumor.…”

Enhancement in Brain Image Segmentation using Swarm Ant Lion Algorithm

“…Generally, the maximum number of people affected by a cancerous brain tumor [3] [4]. It has been researched by America cancer organization that estimation amount of the 24000 fresh cases has been gradually increasing with maximum death rate up 17000 cases [5]. It has been investigated by world health organisation that brain tumor based on several stages which are -stage 1 is the stage where there is slow growth rate known as pilocytic astrocytoma , in stage 2, there is production of the tissues that are affected by other tissues and known as low-grade astrocytoma , Stage 3 tumor is cancerous tumor where there is reproduction of cells and the cells are affected by the tissues which called as anaplastic astrocytoma stage 4 is cancerous tumor and at last stage where the reproduction of cell tissue takes place at faster rate and also affects the nearest brain tissue is called as glioblastoma tumor [6] [7] .…”