Advanced Bioremediation Strategies for Organophosphorus Compounds

Abstract

Approximately 45 percent of the world's pesticides are organophosphates, which are extremely harmful to the soil and water ecology. Over 200,000 fatalities per year are attributed to approximately 140 different varieties of organophosphate insecticides used worldwide.Pesticides can be detected in the environment using several different techniques, including capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, bioassays, and immunoassays [5−7]. The food supply, from the farm to the table, is contaminated with pesticides. Pesticide contamination has been reported in various foods, including fruit juices, milk, and seaweeds [8]. The elimination of these chemical compounds poses an enormous ecological challenge to the sustainability of life on Earth. Long-term exposure to pesticides, either orally or topically, poses a threat to human health and can result in ailments linked to metabolic, growth, and developmental issues as well as cancer in humans. Several mechanisms, such as oxidation, reduction, isomerization, conjugation, hydrolysis, hydration, dehalogenation, methylation, and cyclization, have been reported to contribute to the physical, chemical, and biological degradation of pesticides. Bioremediation is used more often to deal with pollution because of recent developments in gene editing, systems biology, and omics technology. With the help of systems biology, we can learn more about microbial communities and how they adapt to various settings, even the most hostile ones. In addition, this review discusses gene editing methods, such as CRISPR Cas, TALEN, and ZFNs, all of which have the potential to enable the creation of a design microbe that has a functional gene of interest for the degradation of recalcitrant pesticides and further enhance bioremediation.

Toward a Brighter Future: Enhanced Sustainable Methods for Preventing Algal Blooms and Improving Water Quality

“…Their smaller size and lower density usually result in lower sedimentation coefficients, which affect their settling rates in water columns [18,60]. Researchers discuss strategies for POM and HAB mitigation, such as using physical (e.g., filtration and sedimentation), chemical (e.g., coagulants and oxidants), and biological methods (e.g., bioremediation and phytoremediation), and emphasize the careful selection of treatment methods to avoid unintended ecological impacts [18,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”