Advanced Biofuels Based on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Applications in Gasoline Engines

Hájek, Jiří; Hönig, Vladimír; Obergruber, Michal; Jenčík, Jan; Vráblík, Aleš; Černý, Radek; Pšenička, Martin; Herink, Tomáš

doi:10.3390/ma14113134

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Fischer−Tropsch naphtha as a component contains neither sulfur, nor polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nor benzene. 57 The lower octane rating compared to gasoline limits use to only small amounts in the mixture, as fuels with a high FT naphtha content are more prone to knocking and reduced engine efficiency. Due to the low values of T70 and T100, starting ability (cold start), operating stability, and engine wear will suffer.…”

Section: Friction Modifiers Table 5 Presents the Main Groups Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The development of oil refining in advanced nations is mostly focused on low-carbon fuel. Similar efforts are being made to improve the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines, which will result in lower exhaust emissions. Furthermore, by assessing the indicated trends in engine building, it is important for fuel manufacturers to understand how the requirements for gasoline quality indicators will change, primarily for its knock resistance. The aim of the current comprehensive article is to study the state-of-the-art review emphasizing recent progress and prospects for producing high-octane gasoline fuel toward market development. The market for branded gasoline and multifunctional additives, involving friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitor components, as well as detergent components is presented. Furthermore, market development trends and quality requirements for motor gasoline, involving antiknocking characteristics and gasoline oxygenated compounds as additives, are exhibited. Besides, perspective gasoline engine technologies, including different types of engines, are declared. The formulation of effective gasoline surrogates is a challenging task due to advanced combustion strategies, engine design, and variable operating conditions in spark-ignition engines. The extensive development of direct injection and turbocharging technologies is constrained by the actual compression ratio of engines. Likewise, an increase in the knock resistance of the produced gasoline would further increase the compression ratio and efficiency of new internal combustion engines.

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Section: Friction Modifiers Table 5 Presents the Main Groups Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The third approach (biomass to liquid, BtL process) starts with the gasification of biomass into a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (CO+H2) called 'synthesis gas' [173][174][175][176][177]. The so called 'synthetic biofuels', namely hydrocarbons in the gasoline, aircraft and diesel range can be produced from synthesis gas through a well-known catalytic process [Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process] [178][179][180][181]. The prospect producing sustainable aircraft fuels by exploiting the abundant lignocellulosic biomass could render the third approach more popular in the coming years provided that significant technological problems related to the gasification stage will overcome.…”

Section: Sustainable Aircraft Fuels (Near Future)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in renewable energy: an overview

2022

Global NEST: The International Journal

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<p>This essay deals with the prospects of supplying humanity with energy in the twenty-first century. The gradual replacement of fossil fuels by green electricity, hydrogen and biofuels is examined in the context of deteriorating climate change and the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels. The production of large amounts of green electricity through the spreading of wind-energy, photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, hydroelectric power and high temperature geothermal plants and its storage through the global interconnection of electricity grids, the spreading of pumped hydro energy storage and melting salts plants and the lithium batteries leads certainly to a future world largely but not exclusively electrical. Hydrogen will be a very important energy carrier. The production of blue and green hydrogen, their transport and usage in cars, industry and trains in the near future as well as in ships and airplanes in the distant future is outlined. Biofuels must be inevitably added to the future energy profile of mankind besides green electricity and hydrogen. The modern trend of producing biofuels from residual fatty raw materials, microalgae and agricultural / forest residual raw materials to overcome the competition with foods production for land and water as well as the residual biomass utility for the production of aircraft fuels and bio-chemicals in the near future is also illustrated. Finally, the increasing contribution of biogas / biomethane to the future energy profile has been presented.</p>

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Correlation between the Molecular Structure and Viscosity Index of CTL Base Oils Based on Ridge Regression

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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In China, coal-to-liquid (CTL) lube base oils with ultrahigh viscosity index (VI) are very popular. Since it consists of chain alkanes only and can be precisely characterized by molecular structures alone, quantitative 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are used to generate the average structural parameters (ASPs) of CTL base oil. In this work, the ASPs and bulk properties of CTL base oils were tested and compared with those of mineral base oils. Based on the test results, the correlation between the unique property of CTL base oil VI and ASPs was analyzed. To eliminate the effect of significant multicollinearity among the input variables, statistical methods such as ordinary least-squares (OLS), stepwise regression, and ridge regression methods were used to build the VI prediction model. The main findings are as follows: according to the 13 C NMR spectrum, CTL base oils had a significantly higher content of isomeric chain alkanes (including several branching structures) than mineral base oil, while the content of cycloalkanes was zero; among several branched structures, the one with the largest difference in content is structure S 67 , which has the highest percentage in the iso-paraffin structures, all above 25.5% in CTL base oils and below 21.39% in mineral oils; according to the distillation curve of the simulated distillation (SimDist) analysis, CTL base oils with similar carbon number distribution showed lower boiling points, narrower distillation ranges, and higher distillation efficiencies than mineral base oil; correlation analysis showed that the average chain length (ACL), normal paraffins (NPs), and structure S 67 caused the CTL base oil to exhibit a higher VI; and from 13 C NMR data, the ridge regression model was used to obtain regression coefficients consistent with reality, and the expected VI could be well predicted with a correlation coefficient of 0.935.

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Advanced Biofuels Based on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Applications in Gasoline Engines

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Trends in renewable energy: an overview

Correlation between the Molecular Structure and Viscosity Index of CTL Base Oils Based on Ridge Regression

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