Advanced aqueous rechargeable lithium battery using nanoparticulate LiTi2(PO4)3/C as a superior anode

Abstract

Poor cycling performance arising from the instability of anode is still a main challenge for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLB). In the present work, a high performance LiTi2(PO4)3/C composite has been achieved by a novel and facile preparation method associated with an in-situ carbon coating approach. The LiTi2(PO4)3/C nanoparticles show high purity and the carbon layer is very uniform. When used as an anode material, the ARLB of LiTi2(PO4)3/C//LiMn2O4 delivered superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 90% after 300 cycles at 30 mA g−1 and 84% at 150 mA g−1 over 1300 cycles. It also demonstrated excellent rate capability with reversible discharge capacities of 115 and 89 mAh g−1 (based on the mass of anode) at 15 and 1500 mA g−1, respectively. The superior electrochemical properties should be mainly ascribed to the high performance of LiTi2(PO4)3/C anode, benefiting from its nanostructure, high-quality carbon coating, appropriate crystal structure and excellent electrode surface stability as verified by Raman spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements.

Evaluation of the Stability of Carbon Conductor in the Cathode of Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium Batteries against Overcharging

“…LiMn 2 O 4 is a very common Li-ion intercalation-type cathode for both aqueous and non-aqueous batteries [1][2][3][4][5]. The aqueous rechargeable LiMn 2 O 4 battery has been developed extensively with different types of anodes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Considering cost, operational safety, and environmental issues, aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLBs) are more attractive than their non-aqueous analogues [6].…”

“…Moreover, the ionic conductivity of typical aqueous electrolytes is about two orders of magnitude higher than those of non-aqueous analogues, leading to better rate capability of the aqueous-based battery [6]. In addition to the development of ARLBs conducted by several research groups [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]], Chen's group has introduced the rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB), which combines an intercalation cathode (LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 ) with a metal (first order electrode such as zinc) anode and an aqueous electrolyte containing both Li + and Zn 2+ [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Boosting the electrocatalytic performance of carbon nanotubes toward V(V)/V(IV) reaction by sulfonation treatment

“…Based on the environmental pollution and energy demand, utilizations of energy storage systems are required to use new energy such as wind and solar power reasonably. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), as a promising candidate for energy storage system, has attracted wide interest owing to many advantages such as environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and long life because Skyllas-Kazacoa and coworkers first proposed it in 1985. [8][9][10] Compared with other flow batteries such as Fe/Cr battery using different couples, VRFB employs V(V)/V(IV) and V(III)/V(II) couples at positive and negative parts, respectively.…”

Electrochemical Properties of Rutile TiO2 Nanorod Array in Lithium Hydroxide Solution

“…[8–14] Among these strategies, fabricating nanostructured electrodes demonstrate unique advantages over others [11, 12]. It is generally believed that nanostructured materials play an important role in electrochemical performance because of the high-specific surface area and short diffusion path which could enhance the electrochemical behavior of the applied battery [8, 14, 15]. …”