Advanced Anode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as promising energy storage devices owing to the similar "rocking chair" working mechanism as lithium-ion batteries and abundant and low-cost sodium resource. However, the large ionic radius of the Na-ion (1.07 Å) brings a key scientific challenge, restricting the development of electrode materials for SIBs, and the infeasibility of graphite and silicon in reversible Na-ion storage further promotes the investigation of advanced anode materials. Currently, the key issues facing anode materials include sluggish electrochemical kinetics and a large volume expansion. Despite these challenges, substantial conceptual and experimental progress has been made in the past. Herein, we present a brief review of the recent development of intercalation, conversion, alloying, conversion-alloying, and organic anode materials for SIBs. Starting from the historical research progress of anode electrodes, the detailed Na-ion storage mechanism is analyzed. Various optimization strategies to improve the electrochemical properties of anodes are summarized, including phase state adjustment, defect introduction, molecular engineering, nanostructure design, composite construction, heterostructure synthesis, and heteroatom doping. Furthermore, the associated merits and drawbacks of each class of material are outlined, and the challenges and possible future directions for high-performance anode materials are discussed.

Prussian Blue Analogues Derived Heterostructured CoS2/FeS2 Particles Anchored on Carbon Nanosheets as Anodes for Boosted Sodium Storage Properties

“…Due to the appealing advantages of rich abundance of sodium resources, low cost and similar energy storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have trigged considerable attention in the past decade. [1][2][3] So far, several types of cathode materials such as Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), [4,5] layered metal oxides, [6,7] polyanionic compounds [8,9] have been extensively explored with encouraging research status. However, the state-of-the-art commercial graphite anode utilized for LIBs only exhibits an extremely low specific capacity of 35 mAh g À 1 when applied as anode in SIBs.…”

Nanocoating Achieving Hydrophobic Prussian Blue as Stable Cathode in Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The large-scale application of clean energy sources requires cheap and stable electrochemical energy storage technologies. − Compared with commercial lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a new complement in large-scale energy storage because of their rich resources and low cost. − …”

Graphene cladded cobalt phosphide nanoparticles with a sandwich structure by plasma for lithium and sodium storage

“…Currently, carbon coating is an effective way to improve the dispersion and conductivity of nanoparticles. 11,12 The electrochemical performance can also be improved by heterojunction construction with carbon. 13,14 Unfortunately, carbon coating generally requires high temperature, also resulting in difficulty in accurate structure control.…”