Advance of <scp>N</scp>orway spruce (<scp><i>P</i></scp><i>icea abies</i>) onto mafic <scp>L</scp>ommoltunturi fell in <scp>F</scp>innish <scp>L</scp>apland during the last 200 years

Sutinen, Raimo; Närhi, Paavo; Middleton, Maarit; Hänninen, Pekka; Timonen, Mauri; Sutinen, Marja‐Liisa

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00238.x

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that, at larger spatial and temporal scales, growing season temperature is the key factor defining the tree line position (Holtmeier 2003;Körner 2012). At shorter and more local scales, tree line responses to climate change may be modulated by factors such as wind, precipitation, snow cover, geomorphology, soil development and biotic interactions, sometimes operating in a non-linear manner (Körner & Paulsen 2004;Kullman 2007b;Kullman & Öberg 2009;Elliott & Kipfmueller 2010;Holtmeier & Broll 2010;Paus 2010;Malanson et al 2011;Mathisen & Hofgaard 2011;Kirdyanov et al 2012;Sutinen et al 2012;Takahashi et al 2012). In addition, it is impossible to rule out the possibility that climatic requirements and tolerances have changed during the postglacial period (cf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological tree line history and palaeoclimate – review of megafossil evidence from the Swedish Scandes

Kullman

2013

Boreas

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The postglacial tree line and climate history in the Swedish Scandes have been inferred from megafossil tree remains. Investigated species are mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and grey alder (Alnus incana). Betula and Pinus first appeared on early deglaciated nunataks during the Lateglacial. Their tree lines peaked between 9600 and 9000 cal. a BP, almost 600 m higher than present‐day elevations. This implies (adjusted for land uplift) that early Holocene summer temperatures may have been 2.3°C above modern ones. Elevational tree line retreat characterized the Holocene tree line evolution. For short periods, excursions from this trend have occurred. Between c. 12 000 and 10 000 cal. a BP, a pine‐dominated subalpine belt prevailed. A first major episode of descent occurred c. 8200 cal. a BP, possibly forced by cooling and an associated shift to a deeper and more persistent snow pack. Thereafter, the subalpine birch forest belt gradually evolved at the expense of the prior pine‐dominated tree line ecotone. A second episode of pine descent took place c. 4800 cal. a BP. Historical tree line positions are viewed in relation to early 21st century equivalents, and indicate that tree line elevations attained during the past century and in association with modern climate warming are highly unusual, but not unique, phenomena from the perspective of the past 4800 years. Prior to that, the pine tree line (and summer temperatures) was consistently higher than present, as it was also during the Roman and Medieval periods, c. 1900 and 1000 cal. a BP, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological tree line history and palaeoclimate – review of megafossil evidence from the Swedish Scandes

Kullman

2013

Boreas

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“…Kalliola 1973;Sutinen et al 2002Sutinen et al , 2012Närhi et al 2011) and the concentrations of plant elements generally reflect the element composition of the bedrock beneath the growing site (Närhi et al 2013). It has been shown that the forest vegetation communities of Finnish Lapland are intimately related to soil chemistry; Ca-concentration being the major variable in determining plant diversity (Närhi et al 2011).…”

Section: Moose Damage Was Concentrated In the Areas Of Nutrient-rich mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One explanation for this can be that the till in the upper slopes of fells have lower concentrations of Ca and Mg than lower slopes (Sutinen et al 2012). This partly co-incides with the finding of Nikula et al (2008) who found that the concentration of soil-exchangeable Mg was a significant variable in the assessment of moose damage risk.…”

Section: Moose-damaged Stands Mainly Located In Subaquatic Areas and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bedrock and surficial deposit composition on moose damage in young forest stands in Finnish Lapland

Ruuhola¹,

Nikula²,

Nivala³

et al. 2016

Silva Fenn.

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Effects of bedrock and surficial deposit composition on moose damage in young forest stands in Finnish LaplandRuuhola T., Nikula A., Nivala V., Nevalainen S., Matala J. (2016). Effects of bedrock and surficial deposit composition on moose damage in young forest stands in Finnish Lapland. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 3 article id 1565. 20 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.1565. Highlights• The effect of bedrock and soil on moose damage in forest plantations were examined.• Moose damage were concentrated in nutrient rich bedrock areas.• Bedrock of damaged stands contained a higher proportion of mafic and alkaline rocks.• Pine-dominated stands on fine grained fertile forest sites had the highest damage risk. AbstractThere is evidence that moose are attracted to fertile growth habitats apparently due to better quality and larger quantities of food. The nutrients in mineral soils originate from the weathering of bedrock and the composition of parental bedrock affects the fertility of produced mineral soil, thus affecting also the import of nutrients into the whole food web. We surveyed the connection between moose damage in forest plantations and the composition of bedrock and surficial deposits in Finnish Lapland. We used a database of compensated moose damage in private forests in years 1997−2010. Undamaged stands in National Forest Inventories (NFI) from years 1986-2008 served as a control data and moose-damaged NFI-stands as a reference data. Bedrock and surficial depositions and the location of studied stands in relation to ancient shorelines were explored by using the digital databases of the Geological Survey of Finland. Moose-damaged stands were concentrated in southwestern and east Lapland in the areas of the Peräpohja Schist Belt and Lapland's Greenstone Belt that are both composed of nutrient-rich rocks. The bedrock of damaged stands contained a higher proportion of mafic and alkaline rocks than did the control stands. Moose-damaged stands were pine-dominated and grew in more fertile forest sites than did control stands. Part of pine stands probably located in soils formerly occupied by spruce, which may increase the stands' vulnerability to biotic threats. Especially, there were relatively more moose damage in pine plantations regenerated on fine-grained mineral soils derived from nutrient rich rocks than in less fertile soils.

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“…With regard to a significant increase of stem numbers, growth conditions near tree and timber lines seem to be favourable enough to enhance seeding, seedling establishment and survival of trees of all age classes. Supposing that prolonged growing seasons as well as higher temperatures in summer and winter times are at least partly responsible for the observed development, a northward and upward transition of spruce forest line can be expected where the geological factors, such as nutrient supply, allow this (Hyppönen et al 2003;Sutinen et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying changes of the coniferous forest line in Finnish Lapland during 1983–2009

Franke¹,

Aatsinki²,

Hallikainen³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Volume of the growing stock of spruce and pine has increased in forests and in timber lines during the past 26 years.• Spruce stem numbers increased on average, while pine stem numbers remained stable and location-specific variation was observed.• Presuming that the ongoing trend of increasing temperature will remain, the enhanced forest regeneration and growth may result in extension of forests in the future. AbstractThe boreal timber-and tree-line forests grow in harsh environmental conditions in their outermost distribution limit. Here even small environmental changes may cause dramatic changes in the distribution of tree species. We examined changes of the forest lines of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finnish Lapland five times during . We monitored the number of stems and the volume of the growing stock in thirteen different locations in forest-line areas. The linear temporal trends and the variations of these response variables were used as indicators of a possible change during the study period. Spruce showed a significant increase both in the volume of the growing stock (up to 40% increase) and in the total stem number (up to 100% increase). A significant increase in the volume of the growing stock was observed in the pine data as well (up to 70% increase), whereas the stem number stagnated or even decreased. The results suggest that spruce needs favourable conditions to have an abundant regeneration, but after the establishment the seedlings seem to be more resistant against biotic and abiotic disturbances than pine seedlings. The increasing stand volume might result in a climate-related northward and upward extension of forests in the future. However, our results show that responses in the boreal forest line are species and location specific and a more favourable climate does not necessarily lead to an advance of the coniferous forest line.

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Advance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) onto mafic Lommoltunturi fell in Finnish Lapland during the last 200 years

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Ecological tree line history and palaeoclimate – review of megafossil evidence from the Swedish Scandes

Ecological tree line history and palaeoclimate – review of megafossil evidence from the Swedish Scandes

Effects of bedrock and surficial deposit composition on moose damage in young forest stands in Finnish Lapland

Quantifying changes of the coniferous forest line in Finnish Lapland during 1983–2009

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