Advance in Studies on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Aquilaria sinensis

Yuan, Hanwen; Zhao, Jianping; Liu, Yongbei; Qiu, Yixing; Xie, Qiankun; Li, Ming-Jiao; Khan, Ikhlas A.; WANGb, Wei

doi:10.1016/s2589-3777(19)30057-6

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Hence, the PPAR agonistic activity of AF seems to be a combined effect of its phenolic constituents, while benzophenones do not seem to contribute to this activity. However, earlier studies have reported α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of benzophenones, which could add to the antidiabetic potential of Aquilaria [23]. This is the first report to reveal the PPARα/γ dual agonistic action, glucose uptake enhancing property and antiadipogenic effect of A. sinensis flower, indicating its potential in preventing the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Hence, the PPAR agonistic activity of AF seems to be a combined effect of its phenolic constituents, while benzophenones do not seem to contribute to this activity. However, earlier studies have reported α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of benzophenones, which could add to the antidiabetic potential of Aquilaria [23]. To further obtain an insight into the constituents of AF, phytochemical analysis of AF was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquilaria spp. (agarwood) have been reported to be a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites (sesquiterpenes, chromones, flavonoids, benzophenones, diterpenoids, triterpenoids and lignans), which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects [20,22,23]. Ethanol, methanol and water extracts of the Aquilaria leaves showed a presence of flavonoids, tannins and lignans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2022

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Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng is known for its resinous secretion (agarwood), often secreted in defense against injuries. We investigated the effects of A. sinensis flower extract (AF) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation (adipogenesis). Activation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR was determined in hepatic (HepG2) cells by reporter gene assays. Glucose uptake was determined in differentiated muscle (C2C12) cells using 2-NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose). Adipogenesis was determined in adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells) by Oil red O staining. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, AF caused 12.2-fold activation of PPARα and 5.7-fold activation of PPARγ, while the activation of LXR was only 1.7-fold. AF inhibited (28%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (32.8%) in muscle cells at 50 μg/mL. It was concluded that AF acted as a PPARα/γ dual agonist without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. This is the first report to reveal the PPARα/γ dual agonistic action and glucose uptake enhancing property of AF along with its antiadipogenic effect, indicating its potential in ameliorating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Hence, the PPAR agonistic activity of AF seems to be a combined effect of its phenolic constituents, while benzophenones do not seem to contribute to this activity. However, earlier studies have reported α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of benzophenones, which could add to the antidiabetic potential of Aquilaria [23]. To further obtain an insight into the constituents of AF, phytochemical analysis of AF was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2022

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“…Agarwood and its products, either as oil, smoke, or powder admixtures, are well known for their bioactivity in controlling various fungal pathogens and their unique medicinal properties globally [ 75 ]. Several chemical compounds have been reported to be identified from agarwood such as chromone derivates, terpenoids, flavonoids, benzophenones, lignans, benzenoid derivates, phenolic compounds, triterpenes, steroids, and other chemical compounds [ 58 , 76 ]. Of these, chromones and terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids) are the compounds of interest that are potentially known for their bioactivity, pharmaceutical value, and medicinal properties [ 76 ].…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Obtained From Agarwood Their Pharmaceuti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agarwood—The Fragrant Molecules of a Wounded Tree

et al. 2022

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Agarwood, popularly known as oudh or gaharu, is a fragrant resinous wood of high commercial value, traded worldwide and primarily used for its distinctive fragrance in incense, perfumes, and medicine. This fragrant wood is created when Aquilaria trees are wounded and infected by fungi, producing resin as a defense mechanism. The depletion of natural agarwood caused by overharvesting amidst increasing demand has caused this fragrant defensive resin of endangered Aquilaria to become a rare and valuable commodity. Given that instances of natural infection are quite low, artificial induction, including biological inoculation, is being conducted to induce agarwood formation. A long-term investigation could unravel insights contributing toward Aquilaria being sustainably cultivated. This review will look at the different methods of induction, including physical, chemical, and biological, and compare the production, yield, and quality of such treatments with naturally formed agarwood. Pharmaceutical properties and medicinal benefits of fragrance-associated compounds such as chromones and terpenoids are also discussed.

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“…Gilg is an evergreen woody plant with high economic value that is widely distributed in the tropical area of China. Possessing analgesic, sedative, and antiemetic effects, the resinous heartwood of A. sinensis , which is the major source of agarwood in China, has been used as traditional medicine for centuries [ 1 ]. Apart from the agarwood, the non-medical parts of leaves and flowers are consumed as a healthy herbal tea as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constituents of Aquilaria sinensis Leaves Upregulate the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteases 2 and 9

Hsiao

Mei

et al. 2021

Molecules

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In this novel study, we isolated 28 compounds from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg based on a bioassay-guided procedure and also discovered the possible matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) modulatory effect of pheophorbide A (PA). To evaluate the regulatory activity on MMP-2 and MMP-9, the HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were treated with various concentrations of extracted materials and isolated compounds. PA was extracted by methanol from the leaves of A. sinensis and separated from the fraction of the partitioned ethyl acetate layer. PA is believed to be an active component for MMP expression since it exhibited significant stimulation on MMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity. When treating with 50 μM of PA, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased 1.9-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. PA also exhibited no cytotoxicity against HT-1080 cells when the cell viability was monitored. Furthermore, no significant MMP activity was observed when five PA analogues were evaluated. This study is the first to demonstrate that C-17 of PA is the deciding factor in determining the bioactivity of the compound. The MMP-2 and proMMP-9 modulatory activity of PA indicate its potential applications for reducing scar formation and comparative medical purposes.

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Advance in Studies on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Aquilaria sinensis

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome

A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome

Agarwood—The Fragrant Molecules of a Wounded Tree

Constituents of Aquilaria sinensis Leaves Upregulate the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteases 2 and 9

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